Biobased Engineering Thermoplastics: Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) Blends

Abstract

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) constitutes a new engineering polyester produced from renewable resources, as it is synthesized from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), both formed from sugars coming from biomass. In this research, initially high-molecular-weight PBF was synthesized by applying the melt polycondensation method and using the dimethylester of FDCA as the monomer. Furthermore, five different series of PBF blends were prepared, namely poly(l-lactic acid)–poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA–PBF), poly(ethylene terephthalate)–poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PET–PBF), poly(propylene terephthalate)–poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPT–PBF), poly(butylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate)-poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBN–PBF), and polycarbonate–poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PC–PBF), by dissolving the polyesters in a trifluoroacetic acid/chloroform mixture (1/4 v/v) followed by coprecipitation as a result of adding the solutions into excess of cold methanol. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of the as-prepared blends showed that mixtures of crystals of the blend components were formed, except for PC which did not crystallize. In general, a lower degree of crystallinity was observed at intermediate compositions. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans for the melt-quenched samples proved homogeneity in the case of PET–PBF blends. In the remaining cases, the blend components showed distinct Tgs. In PPT–PBF blends, there was a shift of the Tgs to intermediate values, showing some partial miscibility. Reactive blending proved to improve compatibility of the PBN–PBF blends.

Sustainable Plastics from Biomass: Blends of Polyesters Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid

“…Calling in mind that δ = 22.2 for PBF and 21.6 (MJ/m 3 ) 1/2 for PCHDMF, it is reasonable to suppose that PCHDMF-PBF blends can be miscible or at least partially miscible. We should note, at this point, that in a previous study PET-PBF blends were also found to show single composition dependent glass transition, while δ = 22.2 for PBF and 22 (MJ/m 3 ) 1/2 for PET [62]. PPT-PBF blends, however, (δ = 22.2 for PBF and 21.5 (MJ/m 3 ) 1/2 for PPT) showed dual glass transitions.…”

“…A very slight shift in the T g values is not enough to indicate significant homogenization ( Figure 3c). Again, from FTIR measurements, the blend retains characteristics of both polyesters, meaning that the C=O stretching at 1742 cm −1 (present in both neat polymers), the angular deformation of aromatic C-H at 830 cm −1 (present in PEF only), terminal hydroxyl groups at 3446 cm −1 (PEF) and the characteristic 2,5-disubstituted furan heterocycles of PEF at 3125 cm −1 (Figure 3d Previous works from our group focused on the study of blends of PEF with PPF or PBF [57][58][59]62]. It was found that the PPF-PEF blends show a single glass transition.…”

“…In addition, there exists indication of some homogenization. Previous works from our group focused on the study of blends of PEF with PPF or PBF [57][58][59]62]. It was found that the PPF-PEF blends show a single glass transition.…”

Effect of 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid on Unsaturated Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene itaconate) Copolyesters: Synthesis, Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics, Thermal and Mechanical Properties

“…Recently, copolyesters are developed rapidly due to the synthesis of new bio-based monomers and polymers. 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is a popular bio-based aromatic diacid monomer consisting of a furan ring to replace the terephthalate acid, achieving an excellent gas barrier property [19][20][21][22][23]. Otherwise, the cross-linking modifiers are frequently undertaken to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of bio-based copolyesters [24][25][26][27].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Polymer Derived from 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid and 1,4- Butanediol

“…Ở đây, có một peak thu nhiệt đáng chú ý tại 159 ºC (peak temp tại 167 ºC), tương ứng với điểm nóng chảy của PBF. Kết quả này tương đương với mẫu PBF được Poulopoulou và đồng nghiệp tổng hợp gần đây với điểm nóng chảy tại khoảng 160 o C [16].…”