Biobased Composites Prepared Using an Environmentally Friendly Water-Slurry Methodology

Abstract

To improve processability of benzoxazine monomer in preparation of composites, a water-slurry strategy was examined using several laboratory-scale instances. The water slurries were fabricated by mixing solid resin powder of 3-furfury-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine with water and one type of filler particle, i.e., calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, or hollow glass beads. Experimental data show that approving liquidity can be achieved when more than 180 phr of water was mixed in the solid mixtures containing the resin powder and 100 phr of solid filler. The biobased composite prepared using the optimized condition exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and antifatigue performance as the composites prepared via solvent method. This water-slurry approach provides an environmentally friendly strategy to manuscript benzoxazine composites, offering benzoxazine with more promising applications in many industries such as building, wind energy, aircraft, and automobile.

Low melting point, high thermal stable branched benzoxazines resin derived from mixed-substituted phosphazene core

“…Ma 1,2 , J-J. Qiu 1 , C-M. Liu 1* have been studied [30][31][32][33][34]. However, most benzoxazine resins appear as high melting point powders, and organic solvents [35] are always needed when preparing benzoxazine composites.…”

“…Obviously, organic solvent will bring about environmental issues and make the process complicated. Water was also used as a processing aid for benzoxazine composite preparation, but before curing, water still need to be removed from the system [33]. Another approach to lower the melting point of benzoxazine resin is introducing flexible chain [36][37][38] or functional group [39] into benzoxazine structure, but the improvement of processability is obtained at the sacrifice of the mechanical and thermal properties to some extent.…”

Reactive diluent strategy for general benzoxazine to achieve high performance thermoset via a combination of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate

“…Their characteristics such as near‐zero volatiles, 4 volumetric changes upon curing, 5 high‐mechanical strength, 4 high glass transition temperature ( T g ) 4,6 and thermal stability, 7,8 low‐dielectric constant, 9 low‐surface energy, 10 low‐water absorption, 6 and high‐flame retardancy 11–13 have attracted widespread attention. Particularly, the molecular design flexibility of benzoxazines show incomparable advantages in performance regulation and exploration of readily renewable raw materials 14–21 . Despite these strengths, most of polybenzoxazines suffer from several intrinsic problems, including strict and time‐consuming processing conditions, high‐melting point, and brittle feature of the cured resins 22–24 .…”

A study on the flame retardant modification of bisphenol A benzoxazine

“…Benzoxazine resin has many advantages, such as flexible molecular design, wide source of raw materials, various synthesis processes, no small molecule emission during curing, almost zero curing shrinkage, low porosity, good thermal stability, and good mechanical properties 5,13,14 . Therefore, it has broad application prospects in aerospace, 15 electronics, 16 automobile manufacturing 17 and other fields 18–20 . However, bisphenol A/aniline benzoxazine (BA‐a) also has poor flame retardancy and high curing temperature, which limits its further development in industrial applications 21 .…”