Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity

Abstract

Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. Data demonstrated a relative permeation of its compounds (8.3%). Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrus sinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value.

Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera Protect Cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress: Evaluation of Onconutraceutical Potential of Vegetable Smoothies

“…In particular, in the hydro-alcoholic extract of orange smoothie, 22 polyphenols and 4 limonoids glycosides were identified. In accordance with our previous results [8,16], the most abundant compounds were the flavanone narirutin and hesperidin. However, narirutin content was higher in smoothies than fresh juice.…”

“…The methanolic extract was able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators and different cytokines. Furthermore, Citrus sinensis polyphenols have been shown to have antioxidant effect by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing cytoprotective enzymes expression [16]. In this regard, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of Vitis vinifera and Citrus sinensis smoothies, and relative mixes, to inhibit and counteract the doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in embryonic rat heart-derived cells (H9c2).…”

Annurca Apple Polyphenols Protect Murine Hair Follicles from Taxane Induced Dystrophy and Hijacks Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism toward β-Oxidation

“…Analyses were performed in direct infusion following a previous protocol [ 33 , 38 ] employing a Hamilton syringe (250 μL) at a flow rate of 2 μL/min. Data were acquired on a SolariX XR 7T (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany).…”

Blond and blood juice supplementation in high fat diet fed mice: effect on antioxidant status and DDAH/ADMA pathway

“…16 The sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) can have a wide range of benecial effects on health. 17,18 Sweet orange juice contains potent bioactive compounds including avonoids (hesperidin and narirutin, predominantly as glycosides), carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes), vitamin C and other benecial phytochemicals. It has been reported that sweet orange juice (OJ) consumption may be associated with potential health benets.…”