Bioavailability of Vitamin E

Desmarchelier, Charles; Borel, Patrick

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809954-4.00052-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Despite the importance of vitamin E as a potent antioxidant, the exact mechanisms of its biokinetics in horses are poorly understood and extrapolated from studies in other species (Finno et al 2011(Finno et al , 2015. The primary route of absorption of vitamin E is alimentary and is closely associated with fat absorption requiring appropriate pancreatic, biliary and small intestinal function (Desmarchelier and Borel 2018). A specific mechanism for malabsorption in horses has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous alpha‐tocopherol in healthy adult horses

Donnelly

Burns

Easton-Jones

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Vitamin E is essential for neuromuscular function. The primary treatment, oral supplementation with natural (‘RRR’) α‐tocopherol, is not effective in all horses. The objectives of this pilot study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a subcutaneously administered RRR‐α‐tocopherol preparation. Horses were randomly assigned in a cross‐over design to initially receive RRR‐α‐tocopherol (5000 IU/450 kg of 600 IU/mL) subcutaneously (n = 3) or orally (n = 3) or were untreated sentinels (n = 2). Tissue reactions following injection in Phase I of the study necessitated adjustment of the preparation with reduction of the RRR‐α‐tocopherol concentration to 500 IU/mL in Phase 2. Following an 8‐week washout period, horses received the reciprocal treatment route with the new preparation (5000 IU/450 kg of 500 IU/mL). Serum, CSF and muscle α‐tocopherol concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography over a 14‐day period during each phase. Serum and CSF α‐tocopherol concentrations increased significantly postinjection only when the 500 IU/mL product was administered (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the muscle concentration of α‐tocopherol following either treatment. All eight horses had marked tissue reaction to subcutaneous injection, regardless of product concentration. Whilst we have demonstrated that this route may be a useful alternative to oral supplementation, the marked tissue reaction makes use of such products limited at this time to only the most refractory of cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous alpha‐tocopherol in healthy adult horses

Donnelly

Burns

Easton-Jones

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…It seems as well that there is some degree of interindividual variability of alpha-tocopherol bioavailability related to genetic polymorphisms. This is still being researched [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for an Oral Vaccine Using Alpha-Tocopherol as an Adjuvant

Saldanha,

Vale

2023

Pharmaceutics

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Oral vaccines represent many advantages compared to standard vaccines. They hold a simple method of administration and manufacturing process. In addition to these, the way they can induce immune responses makes these a promising technology for the pharmaceutical industry and represents a new hope to society. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) has been used in support of drug development to predict the pharmacokinetics of the compound, considering the patient’s physiology. Despite PBPK studies now being widely used, there are very few models in the literature that support vaccine development. Therefore, the goal of this article was to determine how PBPK could support vaccine development. The first PBPK model for an oral vaccine using alpha-tocopherol as a vaccine adjuvant was built. LogP is the parameter that influences the delivery of alpha-tocopherol into the tissues more. Having a high LogP means it accumulates in adipose tissue and is slowly metabolized. The ideal formulation to include alpha-tocopherol in an oral vaccine would incorporate nanoparticles in a capsule, and the dosage of the compound would be 150 mg in a volume of 200 mL. This article aims to determine if alpha-tocopherol, as a well-known adjuvant for intramuscular injection vaccines, could be used as an adjuvant to oral vaccines. This model was built considering the conditions and requirements needed for designing an oral vaccine. This implies making sure the antigen and adjuvants reach the main target by overcoming the challenges of the gastrointestinal tract. The main parameters that would need to be included in a formulation using alpha-tocopherol as an adjuvant were determined.

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“…At this stage, vitamin E isoforms take two different pathways in parallel: the migration of α‐tocopherol from the liver to the bloodstream inside very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the metabolism of the remaining vitamin E isoforms in different cell compartments. These two pathways have been suggested to be the reason for the predominance of α‐tocopherol in blood and tissue (Desmarchelier & Borel, 2018). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this preference remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Vitamin E Chemistry and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E in foodstuff: Nutritional, analytical, and food technology aspects

Zaaboul

Liu

2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Vitamin E is a group of isoprenoid chromanols with different biological activities. It comprises eight oil‐soluble compounds: four tocopherols, namely, α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols; and four tocotrienols, namely, α‐, β‐, γ, and δ‐tocotrienols. Vitamin E isomers are well‐known for their antioxidant activity, gene‐regulation effects, and anti‐inflammatory and nephroprotective properties. Considering that vitamin E is exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, animals can only acquire it through their diet. Plant‐based food is the primary source of vitamin E; hence, oils, nuts, fruits, and vegetables with high contents of vitamin E are mostly consumed after processing, including industrial processes and home‐cooking, which involve vitamin E profile and content alteration during their preparation. Accordingly, it is essential to identify the vitamin E content and profile in foodstuff to match daily intake requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in vitamin E chemistry, metabolism and metabolites, current knowledge on their contents and profiles in raw and processed plant foods, and finally, their modern developments in analytical methods.

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Bioavailability of Vitamin E

Cited by 6 publications

References 148 publications

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous alpha‐tocopherol in healthy adult horses

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous alpha‐tocopherol in healthy adult horses

The First Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for an Oral Vaccine Using Alpha-Tocopherol as an Adjuvant

Vitamin E in foodstuff: Nutritional, analytical, and food technology aspects

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