Bioavailability of Magnesium Salts – A Review

Rylander,

doi:10.6000/1927-5951.2014.04.01.8

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The present results further support the general scientific opinion that the inorganic Mg compound Mg oxide is not as easily absorbable as organic Mg compounds [24]. Several studies showed that organic Mg compounds, such as Mg aspartate-hydrochloride or Mg lactate, generally have a higher bioavailability than Mg oxide [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

et al. 2017

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Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study AbstractBackground: The development of several disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis, has been linked to suboptimal dietary magnesium (Mg) intake. In this context, a number of studies have tried to investigate which Mg compounds are best suited for Mg supplementation. Results suggest that organic Mg compounds are superior to the inorganic Mg oxide in terms of bioavailability, but a reliable statement cannot yet be made due to systematic differences in the applied study designs.Methods: This single-center, randomized, open, 2-period, 2-supplementation, 2-sequence, single-dose, cross-over study was conducted in 20 healthy male subjects of Caucasian origin to investigate and compare the bioavailability of Mg citrate, an organic Mg compound, and Mg oxide, an inorganic Mg compound. In order to reliably assess the bioavailability of both Mg compounds, subjects were supplemented with magnesium to saturate their Mg-pools before administration of each study product. The bioavailability of both Mg compounds was then assessed by measurement of the renally eliminated Mg quantity during an interval of 24 h after single-dose Mg administration (A e 0-24h ) as primary endpoint. Additionally, the Mg concentrations in a subset of leukocytes, in erythrocytes and in serum were measured on an exploratory basis.Results: After administration, A e 0-24h of magnesium was higher for Mg citrate than for Mg oxide. A e 0-24h for both study products was compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), revealing an adjusted mean difference of 0.565 mmol, which was statistically significant at the 5% level (95% confidence interval of 0.212 to 0.918 mmol, p = 0.0034

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

et al. 2017

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“…3) Although we took into account the elemental magnesium dose prescribed, the bioavailability of magnesium salts is still important issue that could introduce bias, because organic salts have a higher solubility, absorption, and therefore, bioavailability than inorganic salts [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control

Simental‐Mendía

Sahebkar

Rodrı́guez-Morán

et al. 2016

Pharmacological Research

114

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“…Although in preclinical and clinical studies it was observed that organic Mg salts (e.g. acetate, pidolate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, aspartate) are better sources of Mg itself than inorganic Mg salts (MgO, MgCl 2 , MgSO 4 , MgCO 3 ) [20]; and a small analgesic inactive dose of two organic salts (i.e. Mg lactate dihydrate and hydroaspartate) and one inorganic salt (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronized Organic Magnesium Salts Enhance Opioid Analgesia in Rats

et al. 2016

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PurposeAs previously reported, magnesium sulphate administered parenterally significantly increased an opioid antinociception in different kinds of pain. Since the typical form of magnesium salts are poorly and slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract we examined whether their micronized form could increase opioids induced antinociception.MethodsIn behavioural studies on rats morphine, tramadol and oxycodone together with magnesium (lactate dihydrate, hydroaspartate, chloride) in micronized (particles of size D90 < 50 μm) and conventional forms were used. Changes in pain thresholds were determined using mechanical stimuli. The intestinal absorption of two forms of magnesium lactate dihydrate (at the doses of 7.5 or 15 mg ions) in the porcine gut sac model were also compared.ResultsMicronized form of magnesium lactate dihydrate or hydroaspartate but not chloride (15 mg of magnesium ions kg-1) enhanced the analgesic activity of orally administered opioids, significantly faster and more effective in comparison to the conventional form of magnesium salts (about 40% for oxycodone administered together with a micronized form of magnesium hydroaspartate). Moreover, in vitro studies of transport across porcine intestines of magnesium ions showed that magnesium salts administered in micronized form were absorbed from the intestines to a greater extent than the normal form of magnesium salts.ConclusionsThe co-administration of micronized magnesium organic salts with opioids increased their synergetic analgesic effect. This may suggest an innovative approach to the treatment of pain in clinical practice.

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Bioavailability of Magnesium Salts – A Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control

Micronized Organic Magnesium Salts Enhance Opioid Analgesia in Rats

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