Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants and quality of organic carbon

Fredrickson, Herbert L.; Furey, John; Talley, Jeffrey W.; Richmond, Margaret

doi:10.1007/s10311-004-0062-y

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Maximum exchangeable concentrations of metals were 20 mg/kg of arsenic, 5 mg/kg of cadmium, 60 mg/kg of chromium, 10 to 80 mg/kg of copper, 1 mg/kg of mercury, and 10 to 50 mg/kg of nickel (for lead and zinc, see Table 1). The amounts (mean Ϯ standard deviation) of organic carbon were high in most sediments (TOC, 23% Ϯ 11%; OC, 27% Ϯ 13%; BC, 7.6% Ϯ 2.9%) but were of similar magnitude to those measured for other industrialized harbor sediments [11,14,15]. Pore-water ammonia and sulfide concentrations were less than 50 g/L except in sediment 38, for which the concentration of ammonia was 350 g/L.…”

Section: Test Sediment Properties and Contaminant Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…A molar excess of AVS over SEM (sum of cadmium, copper, nickel, mercury, lead, and zinc) was observed for all sediments that had high metal concentrations (e.g., AVS Ϫ SEM ϭ 10-120 mol/g). Most previous studies have found that OC determined by LOI overestimates TOC [11,14], and TOC, rather than OC, measurements were used to normalize hydrocarbon concentrations for comparison with SQGs [16]. The pH of the sediments ranged from 6.5 to 7.9.…”

Section: Test Sediment Properties and Contaminant Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The partitioning of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediments is strongly influenced both by the concentrations and forms of organic carbon (e.g., plant-derived or pyrogenic carbon, oils, or tars) and by the size and density of the particles with which they are associated [10][11][12][13][14]. At lower organic carbon concentrations, binding phases, such as clays, become important; at higher organic carbon concentrations, binding to oil and tar may dominate partitioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing cause–effect relationships in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments using a sublethal response of the benthic marine alga, Entomoneis CF Punctulata

Simpson

Micevska

Adams

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A sublethal whole-sediment toxicity test that uses flow cytometry to measure inhibition of esterase activity in the marine microalga Entomoneis cf punctulata was applied to the assessment of hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE). Concentration-response relationships were developed, and a 20% effect concentration for total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of 60 mg/kg normalized to 1% total organic carbon was calculated. Relationships between toxic effects and sediment organic carbon concentrations, organic carbon forms (e.g., black carbon), and sediment particle size indicated that further normalization of hydrocarbon concentrations to sediment particle size may improve concentration-response relationships. The algal toxicity test was applied as a rapid whole-sediment TIE procedure that involved the addition to sediment of powdered coconut charcoal (PCC), a hydrophobic, carbon-based material that strongly adsorbs PAHs and decreases the pore-water exposure pathway. Sediments with PCC concentrations of up to 15% (w/w) provided acceptable responses in control sediments. For six sediments with total PAH concentrations of 1,060, 4,060, 5,120, 9,150, 9,900, and 15,900 mg/kg, inhibition of E. cf punctulata esterase activity (% of control) was 75, 97, 94, 93, 100, and 97%, respectively. Following a 15% PCC amendment to these sediments, inhibition of esterase activity was 0, 1, 11, 69, 32, and 68%, respectively, indicating a decrease in toxicity in all sediments. Because the alga E. cf punctulata is exposed to toxicants via both pore water and overlying water, the reduction in toxicity achieved by 15% PCC additions can be related to the efficient removal of dissolved hydrocarbons released from sediment particles. The sediment-PCC manipulations coupled with algal whole-sediment toxicity tests provided an effective and rapid TIE method to determine whether hydrocarbon contaminants are responsible for toxicity in sediments.

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Section: Test Sediment Properties and Contaminant Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Test Sediment Properties and Contaminant Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Establishing cause–effect relationships in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments using a sublethal response of the benthic marine alga, Entomoneis CF Punctulata

Simpson

Micevska

Adams

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…They were again removed and allowed to cool to room temperature before being weighed for the second time to ensure that all combustible matter had been removed. The loss-on-ignition temperature of 375°C is sufficient to oxidize the easily ignitable organic carbon (Fredrickson et al 2004) and is more reproducible than results at 550°C, which in addition to easily ignitable organic carbon also oxidizes any black carbon (Accardi-Dey and Gschwend 2003) and often overestimates the amount of organic matter (Smedes and Nummerdor 2003). The loss-on-ignition (LOI) organic matter masses were then calculated and recorded based on the following formula:…”

Section: Soil Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Root Zone Microbial Communities and Restoration of Plant Communities in Owens Valley, California - Phase 1

Fredrickson¹,

Furey²,

Price³

et al. 2007

Self Cite

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Abstract:The future quality and quantity of water for Los Angeles, CA, depends on effective environmental management of both water and land use in Owens Valley. Long-term environmental monitoring will be used to assess progress towards attaining sustainable restoration goals. Reestablishment of native plant communities on previously cultivated lands is a major land management goal. Establishment of desired plant communities may, in turn, depend on relationships between soil microorganisms and plants. These interrelationships depend on soil characteristics affecting the microbial communities. This study was designed to provide survey information on microbial communities in soils from native and disturbed areas at ten locations spanning Owens Valley. At each location, five surface soil samples were collected along a 150-m transect through native vegetation, and ten soil samples were collected along a 300-m transect through disturbed areas. Soils were characterized by soil texture, total carbon, total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, leachable carbon, leachable nitrogen, carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios, microbial community biomass, and lipid profiles of soil microbial community compositions. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test for comparing multiple means, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were used to show differences in soil characteristics. While native and disturbed soil samples were shown to differ in many characteristics, the largest and most frequently shown differences were related to the soil microbial communities. Total soil microbial biomass was significantly and consistently higher in native soils than soils from disturbed areas. Large and significant quantitative differences were also seen in the sterol content of soils supporting native plant and those of disturbed areas. The level of fungal sterol ergosterol was consistently and significantly higher in soils supporting native vegetation than in soils from disturbed areas, indicating mycorrhizae as potentially important plant symbionts. The presence of phytosterols and other unidentified sterols was also higher in the native plant soils. In conclusion, soils supporting native plant communities were most different from those in disturbed areas in characteristics related to soil microbiology.

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“…[15][16][17] DOM also plays a crucial role in defining the water solubility and bioavailability of toxic metal species and complexes, and of organic pollutants. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These considerations account for the importance of characterising lakewater for nitrate and DOM among other parameters, and of extending the studies to a wide number of lacustrine systems. As far as the second point is concerned, an important limit to lakewater characterisation is represented by the (moderate but non negligible) instrumentation requirements that may be problematic for small laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Characterisation of Surface Lakewater Samples: Implications for the Quantification of Nitrate and the Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter

et al. 2007

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Filtered lakewater samples, mainly collected in the province of Torino (Piedmont, NW Italy) were characterised from a spectrophotometric point of view. Spectral data were then used for the direct determination of nitrate by three-wavelength photometry, which should account for the spectral interference by dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the results compared with nitrate quantification by ion chromatography. The spectrophotometric method proved very suitable for nitrate measurement, with unity slope (micro +/- sigma = 0.99 +/- 0.03) of the correlation plot (spectral vs. ion chromatography data) up to 0.1 mM nitrate, and with r2 = 0.97 for 26 data points. Lakewater spectra were also used for the characterisation of DOM by means of the specific absorption at 285 and 254 nm (absorbance vs. NPOC, the latter to quantify the DOM amount), and the E2/E3 and E3/E4 indexes. The latter two make only use of radiation absorption data (250 vs. 365 and 300 vs. 400 nm). It could be concluded that lakewater DOM is mainly composed of autochthonous material (biologically produced aliphatic compounds and only a minor fraction of aromatic groups), with generally low molecular weight and degree of aromaticity. Some exceptions could be found in high-mountain lakes, but it should also be considered that NPOC measurement cannot be avoided if DOM origin is to be studied. From the absorption spectrum alone it is possible to get indication on the aromaticity degree of radiation-absorbing DOM, but most of the autochthonous DOM would escape spectrophotometric characterisation.

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Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants and quality of organic carbon

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Establishing cause–effect relationships in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments using a sublethal response of the benthic marine alga, Entomoneis CF Punctulata

Establishing cause–effect relationships in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments using a sublethal response of the benthic marine alga, Entomoneis CF Punctulata

Root Zone Microbial Communities and Restoration of Plant Communities in Owens Valley, California - Phase 1

Spectrophotometric Characterisation of Surface Lakewater Samples: Implications for the Quantification of Nitrate and the Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter

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