“…However, elements above allowed concentrations and exposure times are toxic, and they affect the abundance, diversity, and distribution of animals ( Lukkari et al., 2004 ). Therefore, the excesses, the physicochemical properties of NMs, the properties of the soil, such as the pH, content of OM, soil temperature, the water content in the soil, among others, which alter the processes of transformation, aggregation, agglomeration, dissolution, and bioavailability of the NPs, dictate fate and toxicity in soil organisms ( de Santiago-Martín et al., 2016 ). For our study, there was not an observed relationship between the evaluated concentrations and soil factors on the evaluated biological parameters.…”