Bioavailability of Cadmium from In Vitro Digested Infant Food Studied in Caco-2 Cells

Abstract

The solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in infant foods, three cereal- and milk-based diets and two ready-to-use baby dishes, were studied after in vitro digestion and by using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The solubility of Cd after in vitro digestion varied between diets; liver casserole had the highest solubility and was lower after infant as compared to adult digestion conditions. Generally, more Cd was soluble in infant intestinal than gastric juice in contrast to the results from the adult digestion. Caco-2 cells were incubated with supernatants of infant digests that had been equilibrated with (109)Cd during the in vitro digestion procedure, and cellular uptake and transport of (109)Cd were measured after 180 min. Statistically significant differences in both uptake and transport of Cd were detected between some of the diets and a control solution containing only digestive enzymes and (109)CdCl(2). Uptake of soluble Cd in the cells varied between diets from 4 to 6%, and the transport over the monolayers was 1-2% of the dose. We conclude that age specific digestion conditions as well as composition of diets affect both solubility and bioavailability of Cd.

Novel risk assessment of Cd in earthworms and leeches based on bioavailability through in vitro digestion/Caco-2 and MDCK cells

“…For example, Fu and Cui reported that the bioavailability of Cd ranged from 4.0-15.9% for the vegetables (Fu and Cui, 2013). However, the bioavailability of Cd in the present study was higher or lower than some other studies reported on CdCl 2 solution and infant food (Eklund et al, 2003;Chan et al, 2007). Besides, in an in vivo experiment, the bioavailability of Cd was 0.8% and 0.6% in the kidneys and livers of rats, respectively (Yannai and Sachs, 1993).…”

Cadmium accumulation and interactions with zinc, copper, and manganese, analysed by ICP-MS in a long-term Caco-2 TC7 cell model

“…Effect of cadmium exposure on metals accumulation in cadmium long-term exposed Caco-2 TC7 cells (mg/kg). Pigman Jumarie et al 1999;Tallkvist et al 2001;Eklund et al 2003), copper (Rossi et al 1996;Ferruzza et al 2000), manganese (Yanagiya et al 2000), and zinc (Jovani et al 2001) among another. Furthermore, the TC7 clone offers noticeable advantages over parental Caco-2 cells and represents a good alternative to the parental line for drug transport studies (Le Ferrec et al 2001).…”

In Vitro Assessment of Cadmium Bioavailability in Chinese Cabbage Grown on Different Soils and Its Toxic Effects on Human Health

“…In vitro digestion in combination with exposure of Caco-2 cell monolayers to supernatants of the YS and CS cabbage digests appears to be a promising model for studying the bioavailability of different Cd levels in Chinese cabbage. The Caco-2 model has been previously used to evaluate bioavailability of Cd in the raw and cooked leafy vegetables [ 21 ] and infant food [ 38 ] concluding that Caco-2 cell assays offer an improved indicator of bioavailability than solubility. The current study reported that monolayers incubated with bioaccessible fractions of YS cabbage had significantly higher Cd bioavailability (cellular uptake %) as compared to CS cabbage ( Table 2 ).…”

“…The current study reported that monolayers incubated with bioaccessible fractions of YS cabbage had significantly higher Cd bioavailability (cellular uptake %) as compared to CS cabbage ( Table 2 ). Previous studies reported that 25%, 4–15.9%, and 3.8–6.3% of Cd were up taken by Caco-2 cells from CdCl 2 solution, leafy vegetables, and infant food [ 21 , 38 – 40 ]. In our study, the Cd bioavailability ranged from 1.12% to 14.66% for the YS and CS cabbage; these values were both lower and higher than those reported in previous studies [ 21 , 38 , 39 ] but in YS cabbage and at higher Cd level (9 mg kg −1 ) in CS cabbage, this is not in agreement with the previously reported approximate 5% gastrointestinal absorption of Cd from food [ 41 ].…”