Bioavailability and interactions with other micronutrients of three dietary iron sources in Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>
, smolts

Andersen, F.; Lorentzen, M.; Waagbø, Rune; Maage, Amund

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00096.x

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The results indicated that nano-Fe and ferrous sulfate had different metabolic pathways, although both the inorganic form crossed the intestinal barrier. Thus iron bioavailability depended not only on its absorption by the intestine, but also on its conversion to a biologically active form (Andersen et al 1997). In support to the present study, the nano form of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) is highly bioavailable (96 % similarity with FeSO 4 ) in rats without tissue accumulation (Hilty et al 2010a, b nature).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Iron deficiency causes immune suppression, growth depression, changes in hematological parameters, susceptibility to diseases, poor food conversion and microcytic anemia in common carp (Tacon 1992;Andersen et al 1996;Kawatsu 1972;Sakamoto and Yone 1978). Iron is thus essential and in excess can be toxic (Salte et al 1994;Andersen et al 1997). Fish can absorb soluble iron from the water across the gill membrane and intestinal mucosa (Roedar and Roedar 1966;Sealey et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron (Fe) is an indispensable element for the functioning of organs and tissues of higher animals, including fish, because of its vital role in physiological processes such as oxygen transport, cellular respiration and lipid oxidation reactions (Lee et al 1981;Andersen et al 1997). Iron is also one of the most essential micronutrients in terms of its effect on the functioning of the immune system and defense against various infections (Beisel 1982;Bhaskaram 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Fe as feed additive improves the hematological and immunological parameters of fish, Labeo rohita H.

et al. 2013

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An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (T 1 ) and ferrous sulfate (T 2 ) on Indian major carp, Labeo rohita H. There were significant differences (P \ 0.05) in the final weight of T 1 and T 2 compared with the control. Survival rates were not affected by the dietary treatments. Fish fed a basal diet (control) showed lower (P \ 0.05) iron content in muscle compared to T 1 and T 2 . Furthermore, the highest value (P \ 0.05) of iron content was observed in T 1 . In addition, RBCs and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in T 1 as compared to other treated groups. Different innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, bactericidal activity and myeloperoxidase activity were higher in nano-Fe-treated diet (T 1 ) as compared to other iron source (T 2 ) and control in 30 days post-feeding. Moreover, nano-Fe appeared to be more effective (P \ 0.05) than ferrous sulfate in increasing muscle iron and hemoglobin contents. Dietary administration of nanoFe did not cause any oxidative damage, but improved antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD and GSH level) irrespective of different iron sources in the basal diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Fe as feed additive improves the hematological and immunological parameters of fish, Labeo rohita H.

et al. 2013

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“…This is in accord with previous results in Atlantic salmon (Bjørnevik and Maage 1993;Andersen et al 1996Andersen et al , 1998 and rainbow trout (Carriquiriborde et al 2004). However, my study did show that iron-1 supplement (1.51 × 10 3 mg iron/kg diet), but not iron-2 supplement (3.17 × 10 3 mg iron/kg diet), improved burst (Kawatsu 1972;Ikeda et al 1973;Sakamoto and Yone 1978;Andersen et al 1997;Carriquiriborde et al 2004), whereas an excess of supplemented iron has induced lower Hb concentrations in rainbow trout (Standal et al 1997) and Atlantic salmon . Excessive iron has been shown to lead to the oxidation of dietary lipids and/or polyunsaturated fats, adversely affecting the quality of the diet (Desjardins et al 1987).…”

Section: -4 Development Of Techniques To Improve the Seed Quality Omentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids

Mizuno¹

2012

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

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anadromous and stream-resident types. The anadromous type migrates to the ocean in spring after spending 1 or 2 years in the streams. Before the seaward migration, they undergo smoltification, a series of behavioral, morphological, physiological and biochemical changes controlled by multiple hormonal pathways (Hoar 1988) that transform the freshwater parr into a seaward-migratory smolt. After 1 year of life in the ocean, the fish return to their natal stream in spring and spawn in autumn (Kubo 1980;Machidori and Kato 1984;Kato 1991). For the artificial propagation of masu salmon, hatchery-reared (hatchery) juveniles, originating from artificial insemination and fed a commercial food in hatcheries, are released into streams (Mayama 1992). Effects of masu salmon propagation, which are expressed as the recovery rate of released hatchery seed, are of 0.41 to 2.12% (Miyakoshi 2006), while the recovery rate of chum salmon artificial propagation was >10% (Taya 1989). In other Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research Department Local Independent Administrative Agency Hokkaido Research Organization 3-373, Kitakashiwagi, Eniwa, Hokkaido 061-1433, Japan e-mail: mizuno-shinya@hro.or.jp Abstract Anadromous salmonids and osmerids are artificially propagated in Japan by release of their seeds. However, there are many unsolved problems in the techniques of their propagation. In the present monograph, studies on the improvement of seed production techniques in 4 fishes (masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, chum salmon O. keta, shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis) were outlined. Techniques to evaluate dorsal fin pigmentation during smoltification as an external seed quality, and to improve seed quality of hatchery-reared fish, and the discovery of metabolic problems in hatchery-reared fish were described in yearling masu salmon. In underyearling masu salmon, techniques to evaluate nutritional conditions using kidney melano-macrophage density was developed, and applied to the evaluation of the nutritional condition in hatchery-reared fish after release. In chum salmon fry, the development of techniques to monitor the physical condition and to find its appropriate culture conditions was reviewed. In egg cultures of shishamo and Japanese smelt, techniques to eliminate egg adhesiveness with treatments of kaolin or scallop shell powder suspension were established in order to improve hatching rates. In addition, the appropriate embryogenetic stage for the release of shishamo smelt embryos was demonstrated. Consequently, this monograph reveals that these techniques contribute directly to the development of artificial propagation in some salmonids and osmerids. Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids Shinya Mizuno

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“…In particular, experimentally induced lack of iron may cause microcytic anaemia or low haemoglobin levels in salmonids (Kawatsu 1972;Andersen et al 1996), channel catfish (Gatlin and Wilson 1986), Japanese eel (Nose and Arai 1979), yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (Ikeda et al 1973) and red sea bream. On the other hand, excessive amounts of dietary iron may not always be beneficial to farmed fish (Salte et al 1994;Andersen et al 1997) and can be connected with increased bacterial load (Fouz et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata

et al. 2010

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The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19-22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view.

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Bioavailability and interactions with other micronutrients of three dietary iron sources in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , smolts

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

Nano-Fe as feed additive improves the hematological and immunological parameters of fish, Labeo rohita H.

Nano-Fe as feed additive improves the hematological and immunological parameters of fish, Labeo rohita H.

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids

Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata

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