Bioassays and Methodologies for Insecticide Tests with Larvae of Trogoderma granarium (Everts), the Khapra Beetle

Abstract

New insecticide treatment options would be beneficial for control programs for Trogoderma granarium Everts, the khapra beetle, in the United States. Two insecticides were evaluated, the Polyzone® formulation of deltamethrin and a formulation of the insect growth regulator methoprene combined with deltamethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. In the test with Polyzone® deltamethrin, concrete arenas were treated with a low and high rate, and held outside, inside a shed, or inside a lab. Compared to storage in the lab, residue degradation increased slightly in the shed, and then further outside, as evidenced by greater larval survival and adult emergence. Across all environmental treatments, the high rate was more effective than the lower rate. For the combination methoprene product, the effect of food contact with treated surfaces was examined. When treating arenas with food and transferring the food to clean dishes, there was no immediate effect on larval survival, but there was a reduction in survival and emergence to the adult stage after one month. For both tests, larvae apparently often went into diapause after they were introduced onto the treatment arenas. Both treatments could be utilized in management programs if T. granarium infestations are detected.

Combination Insecticide Treatments with Methoprene and Pyrethrin for Control of Khapra Beetle Larvae on Different Commodities

“…IGRs affect the growth and development, and pyrethroids affects the insect's nervous system, and both will cause mortality upon extended exposures. Previous studies on the use of pyrethroids and IGRs applied as contact insecticides to various surfaces have demonstrated immediate and residual efficacy on T. granarium larvae and adults [7,[22][23][24][25][26]. In these studies, adult T. granarium are generally more susceptible than larvae to several insecticides applied to grain or concrete surfaces [24,26].…”

Five Surfaces Treated with d-Tetramethrin plus Acetamiprid for the Management of Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus: Which Is the Best?

“…Similarly, Kavallieratos et al [55][56][57] noticed that food on treated concrete reduced mortality levels caused by chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, etofenprox, and d-tetramethrin plus acetamiprid, against small/large larvae and adults of A. diaperinus. Food is considered an obstacle since it can prevent the contact of the insect with the treated surface, but also because it can absorb or even degrade the insecticide [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. As a result, intensive cleaning is suggested to eliminate the possibility of the insecticidal efficacy reduction caused by food prior to the application, as well as during the storage period [99,104,105].…”

Sublethal Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on the Mobility Patterns of Sitophilus spp.: Implications for Pest Management

“…Pyrethroids are extensively employed in agricultural and public health because of their relatively low mammalian toxicity, great insecticidal efficacy at low concentrations, and quick knockdown effects [12][13][14]. The impacts of several pyrethroids, notably, deltamethrin and cypermethrin, have been investigated concerning stored-product pests, primarily through grain treatment [11,[15][16][17].…”