Bioassay of Pesticide Lindane Using Yeast-DNA Microarray Technology

Abstract

We analysed the gene expression pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to lindane, a strong toxicant widely used as a pesticide in agriculture and by public health services. cDNA preparations from untreated cells and from cells treated with lindane were used to screen the DNA microarrays of about 6,000 genes. A total of 288 genes showed >2-fold induction in transcript levels, out of which 112 have not yet been characterized. The functional analysis of most known genes indicates that genes involved with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ionic homeostasis, mitochondrial organization, or biogenesis responded to lindane-mediated stress. In addition, several induced genes were shown to contribute to ER-mediated degradation and quality control. However, no significant changes in the transcript levels of ORFs related to DNA damage and repair were observed. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of some uncharacterized genes are significantly high, and the unveiling of these genes, along with that of known genes, might provide the opportunity to illustrate how yeast responds to environmental perturbation. This analysis will also facilitate the identification of some specific genes that could be used as biomarkers for a toxicity assay of lindane or other similar environmental pollutants.

Genome-wide analysis of the response to protein glycosylation deficiency in yeast

“…S3). This is consistent with previous reports (Yale and Bohnert, 2001;Parveen et al ., 2003) indicating a distinct regulatory func-tion for the protein. Genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis were also repressed in the pmi40-101 mutant (Table 2 and Fig.…”

Effects of Iodine on Global Gene Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Microarray experiments were carried out as previously described. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Briefly, total RNA was extracted from yeast cells (treated and control samples), and then mRNA was purified by oligodT. Fluorescently labeled cDNA was synthesized in the presence of Cy3-or Cy5-labeled dUTP.…”

“…Genes up-regulated more than 2-fold in at least one profile were used for this analysis. Expression profiles obtained from different treatments were used, cadmium (Cd), 13,14) mercury (Hg), 14) arsenic (As), lead (Pb), capsaicin, 12) gingerol, sodium n-dodecyl benzosulfonate (LAS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 15) acrolein, thiuram, 10,11) zineb, 11) maneb, 11) tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TPN), 11) pentachlorophenol (PCP), 11) 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP), 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane), 16) and various different iodine treatments. Although the data without references are unpublished, they can be viewed in the database (http://kasumi.nibh.jp/~iwahashi/).…”

Resistance to Herbicides in the Model Organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana: the Involvement of Multidrug Resistance Transporters

“…Large-scale biological material has also been produced, including a collection of mutants in which each yeast gene was individually deleted (EUROSCARFhttp://web.uni-frankfurt.de/fb15/mikro/euroscarf) (Kelly et al, 2001), facilitating quick, easy and high-throughput search for genes involved in the resistance or susceptibility to any given environmental stressor. Genome-wide analyses in yeast have been successfully used to identify the genes responsible for yeast response and resistance to environmental stress, in particular those induced by xenobiotic compounds of agricultural interest, such as the herbicide sulfometuron methyl (Jia et al, 2000), the dithiocarbamate fungicides mancozeb (Dias et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2009), thiuram, zineb and maneb , the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl (Lucau-Danila et al, 2005), the pesticide lindane (Parveen et al, 2003), and the herbicide 2,4-D (Teixeira et al, 2007;Teixeira et al, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2005). Even though many cytotoxic compounds used in agriculture may act in their target organisms via physiological mechanisms that do not exist in yeast, many of the basic mechanisms underlying resistance and adaptation to chemical and environmental stresses are apparently conserved among phylogenetically distant organisms (Landis & Yu, 1999 …”