Bioassay of Industrial Waste Pollutants

Selivanovskaya, Svetlana; Hung, Yung‐Tse; Stepanova, Nadezda Yu.; Латыпова, В. З.

doi:10.1201/9781420037159.ch2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…For confidence in the data controls need to be conducted at the same time and also use of triplicates is advised (Tonkes et al, 2005). The effect of the sample solution is seen by the normalization of results which allows for the EC 50 to be calculated (Selivanovskaya et al, 2004). Growth inhibition of V. fischeri can also be determined at the same time as acute bioassays.…”

Section: Bioassays Using Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daphnia magna are considered as primary consumers within watercourses. Over the past 30 years the genus Daphnia emerged as the most suitable invertebrate species for toxicity testing due to its sensitivity and ease of use (Selivanovskaya et al, 2004). The test using D. magna is based upon the immobilization of this species.…”

Section: Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata (Aka Selenastrum Capricornutum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioassays for the Evaluation of Landfill Leachate Toxicity

Thomas

Tyrrel

Smith

et al. 2009

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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This article reviews the application of bioassays for assessing the toxicity hazard posed by landfill leachate discharged to an aquatic environment. Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of chemicals; thus it is difficult to assess the risk posed to aquatic wildlife using standard chemical identification techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). From this review it is clear that toxicity testing, using species that represent the different trophic levels, is a superior way to predict the risk posed by discharge than chemical analysis. Previous studies assessed leachate toxicity using bacteria, algae, plants, invertebrates, fish, and genotoxicity. Studies showed that leachate exhibits a wide range of toxicities to the species tested. Ammonia, alkalinity, heavy metals, and recalcitrant organics were identified to be the cause of adverse responses from the test organisms. Concentrations of these chemicals were found to depend upon the types of waste landfilled. As part of this review, Slooff analysis was applied to published results to calculate the sensitivity of test species. It was concluded that Lemna minor and Thamnocephalus platyurus were the most sensitive tests and, Vibrio fischeri (Microtox) was the least sensitive test available. Little is known about the sensitivity of each species to the different types of waste that might have been landfilled. A battery of tests needed for a more accurate assessment of landfill leachate is proposed. Some of the more common tests have been replaced by more sensitive tests that produce more relevant results for the industry and regulators.

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Section: Bioassays Using Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata (Aka Selenastrum Capricornutum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassays for the Evaluation of Landfill Leachate Toxicity

Thomas

Tyrrel

Smith

et al. 2009

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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show abstract

“…Toxkits (Artoxkit M TM , Thamnotoxkit F TM and Rotoxkit M TM ) are based on immobilized or dormant stages of selected aquatic test species (rotifers and crustaceans) that can be set free or hatched on demand to provide the live biological material for performing the assays [53][54][55]. These assays, are widely used in ecotoxicological studies, since they are able to bypass the need for the year-round culturing of live stocks of test species, which is one of the major burdens of conventional toxicity tests [3,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. In addition, D. tertiolecta is widely used for determining the toxicity of whole effluents [35,64].…”

Section: Leachate Toxicity and Seasonal Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal alterations of landfill leachate composition and toxic potency in semi-arid regions

Tsarpali

Kamilari

Dailianis

2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The evaluation of industrial effluent toxicity should include a battery of bioassays composed of representative species of different trophic levels present in the activated sludge. However, although single species tests are fast, simple to perform, cost-effective and reliable, they have significant shortcomings such as not taking into account the interaction among species, the use of species that are not indigenous to the activated sludge with genetically homogeneous populations and the fact that tests are usually conducted under experimental conditions very different from an aeration tank (Selivanovskaya et al, 2004). Thus, toxicity assessment should be monitored using indigenous microbial population from an activated sludge process under conditions of forced aeration in order to provide a more accurate indication on the effects of STP influents on biological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%