Bioassay of estrogenicity and chemical analyses of estrogens in streams across the United States associated with livestock operations

Evaluation of estrogenic activity in the Pearl River by using effect-directed analysis

“…The measured EEQ in surface water of this study (Table 1; Fig. 2) are in a similar range to a previous report on the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River system ), but much higher than the EEQ for six major source waters (0.08-2.40 ng E2/L) (Jiang et al 2012), and much lower than the highest EEQ (4610 ng E2/L) of the rivers in the United States (Alvarez et al 2013). The present study also showed much higher EEQ in the Shima River and Danshui River than Xizhijiang River and Dongjiang River, since the former two rivers receive large volumes of treated and untreated wastewaters from Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou cities (Chen et al 2014a, b).…”

Passive sampling of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments

“…Another two studies are on the removal of illicit drugs during the treatment of sewage . Alvarez et al (2013) and Jeffries et al (2011) address the analysis of steroid hormones in their studies, whereas Cernoch et al (2012) analyse only sulfonamides. A number of POCIS studies are also coupled to bioassays, evaluating endocrine-disruptive potential or dioxine-like activities (Jeffries et al 2011;Tapie et al 2011;Alvarez et al 2012;Jarosova et al 2012;Alvarez et al 2013;Jalova et al 2013;Creusot et al 2014).…”

“…Liquid chromatography is the method of choice in the majority of the studies surveyed and gas chromatography in cases dealing with steroid hormones or alkylphenols because of their low solubility in water (Alvarez et al 2013;Vallejo et al 2013;Coes et al 2014). Tandem mass spectrometry is almost always mandatory since the detection of trace amounts of pollutant is required.…”

“…A yeast estrogen screen (YES) is commonly used to evaluate estrogen in the environment JonesLepp et al 2012;Alvarez et al 2013), but is not suitable for accurately assessing estrogenic activity at lower concentrations (Alvarez et al 2013). In comparison, E-Screen and T47D-KBluc bioassays are more sensitive.…”

Accumulation of steroid hormones in soil and its adjacent aquatic environment from a typical intensive vegetable cultivation of North China

“…Natural steroid hormones have received considerable attention because of their endocrine-disrupting effects on aquatic organisms (Orlando et al, 2004;Alvarez et al, 2013). Environmentally-relevant concentrations of estrogen hormones in aquatic environments have been found sufficient to stimulate production of a female protein in male fish, with no effect concentrations for 17β-estradiol of 1-10 ng·L −1 (Routledge et al, 1998).…”