Bioassay-Guided Isolation of an Antibacterial Compound from the Indonesian Soft Coral

Abstract

W ith the aim of searching for new antibacterial compound from marine soft corals, the investigation had been conducted on antibacterial activity of an extract from soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial activity was tested against two Gram-positive bacteria, viz. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and two Gram-negative bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Vibrio cholerae (ATCC 14035) using the agar disc diffusion assay. Among them, the n-hexane fraction was the most active against three tested bacteria, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae at the concentration 125 µg/ml, with inhibition zone 14.2, 18.2, 13.8 mm, respectively. Isolation and purification of the active component from the n-hexane fraction led to a known cembran oid-type diterpene, sarcophytoxide. The chemical structure of the isolated compound was determined by IR, MS and NMR, as well as compared to data from the literature. Sarcophytoxide showed moderate activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and V. cholerae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125, 100, 125 mg/ml, respectively.

Cembranoids of Soft Corals: Recent Updates and Their Biological Activities

“…from Sabah, Malaysia and discovered a new cembranoid named sinularolide F 182 and a known cembranoid named denticulatolide 183 [56]. Taiwanese S. flexibilis produced seven compounds, three of which were new compounds with no biological activities named flexibilisins D-E 184-185 and flexibilisolide H 186 (Table 2, entries [17][18][19]. The other four compounds were known compounds with various biological activities, namely 11-dehydrosinulariolide 187¸ 11-episinulariolide acetate 188, (S)-14-deoxycrassin 189, and sinulariolide 190 [57].…”

“…3 ). This compound has a molecular formula of C 20 H 30 O 2 (m/z 325 [M+Na] + , ESI–MS positive ion) and been tested for its new anti-microbial activity (Table 1 , entry 2) [ 18 ]. Two new biscembranoid-like compounds, bissubvilides A-B 3–4 were isolated from Sacrophyton subviride in Xisha Islands, South China Sea.…”

“…Compound 1 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 75 and 25 μM, respectively [ 17 ]. Compound 2 isolated from Sarcophyton trocheliophorum also possessed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio cholerae with MIC values of 125, 100 and 125 mg/mL, respectively, but it did not have activity against Escherichia coli [ 18 ] . Compound 8 , exhibited antibacterial activity against several bacteria, viz.…”

Antibacterial Activity as Inhibitors Pathogen Bacterial on Pond Shrimp of Extract Marine Biota Collected From Maspari Island, South Sumatera, Indonesia

“…Coastal oceans have different types of biota to producing bioactive compounds to defend themselves from predatory attacks (Mayer et al, 2003;Sivaramakrishnan et al, 2017;McClintock et al, 2010). Some biota can produce bioactive compounds for antibacterial such as soft corals (Afifi et al, 2016;Putra et al, 2017;Rozirwan et al, 2015), sponge (Mohamad et al, 2009;Graça et al, 2015), seaweed (El-Shouny et al, 2017;Águila-Ramírez et al, 2017;Rajkumar et al, 2018) and mangrove (Usman, 2018;Behbahani et al, 2018).…”