Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of active compounds from Fructus Arctii against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Abstract

Dactylogyrus intermedius is a significant monogenean parasite on the gills of cyprinid fishes and can cause serious problem in fish aquaculture. In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify the active compounds from Fructus Arctii against D. intermedius. Five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water) were applied for the extraction of Fructus Arctii. Among them, only the chloroform extract exhibited promising anthelmintic efficacy and therefore, subjected to the further isolation and purification using various chromatographic techniques. Two compounds showing potent activity were obtained and identified by spectral data (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry) as: arctigenin (1) and arctiin (2). They were found to be significantly effective against D. intermedius with median effective concentration (EC(50)) values of 0.62 and 3.55 mg L(-1), respectively. Arctigenin exhibited higher activity as compared with the positive control mebendazole with an EC(50) value of 1.25 mg L(-1). The 48-h acute toxicity tests (LC(50)) of arctigenin and arctiin were found to be 8.47 and 14.14 mg L(-1) for goldfish, respectively. These results provided evidence that the studied plant extract, as well as the isolated compounds, might be potential sources of new antiparasitic drug for the control of Dactylogyrus.

In vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Radix angelicae pubescentis, Fructus bruceae, Caulis spatholobi, Semen aesculi, and Semen pharbitidis against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

“…Earlier authors reported that the methanolic extracts of the seeds of Piper guineense (Piperaceae) were active against skin and gill monogenean parasites of goldfish under in vivo and in vitro conditions (Ekanem et al 2004). In our previous work, chloroform extract of Fructus arctii (dried fruits of Arctium lappa L.) exhibited a 100% anthelmintic efficacy against D. intermedius at the lowest concentration of 240.0 mg/L after 48 h of exposure (Wang et al 2009). This study demonstrated the anthelmintic activity of some medical plant plants against D. intermedius using the in vivo anthelmintic efficacy assay.…”

Effects of aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) against the fish ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

“…Recently, increased research activities have been demonstrated on the utilization of plant extracts to treat parasitic diseases in animals, including fish (Madsen et al 2000;Paolini et al 2003;Zahir et al 2009;Wang et al 2009Wang et al , 2010. Buchmann et al (2003) reported raw extracts from garlic (Allium sativum) were used to treat I. multifiliis infestation by killing theronts and tomonts.…”

Emergence of the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Pond Reared Carp Fish (Cyprinids) and It's Control Measure in Chitwan, Central Nepal

“…As a statistical analysis the efficacy of combination of Ciphalexin and Kohrsolin-TH against EUS was assessed using the equation: Efficacy % = C-T/C x 100; where C is the mean of the EUS infected fish in untreated fish (control group) and T is the mean number of EUS infected fish in treated fish (Wang et al, 2009).…”