Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains of Iron Age from the Shirakavan Cemetery, Shirak Plateau, Armenia

Khudaverdyan, Anahit Yu.

doi:10.4236/aa.2012.24025

2012

DOI: 10.4236/aa.2012.24025

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Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains of Iron Age from the Shirakavan Cemetery, Shirak Plateau, Armenia

Anahit Yu. Khudaverdyan¹

Abstract: This study introduces some diseases which occur among the population of Armenia in the Iron Age. Health issues in the individuals from Shirakavan provoked not by nutritional problems, but problems of infectious nature. The skeletal traumas of the inhabitants of the Shirak plateau are connected only with military conflicts. The results of this study are those that suggest strenuous labor for at least some individuals, based on the presence of osteophytosis, osteoarthritis, enthesopathies, and Schmorl’s nodes. G… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Thus, recently nonmetric studies have acquired much more fame to reinterpret the variants whether they are abnormal or normal. Nonmetric features also include skeletal anomalies that cannot be measured but can be recorded as present or absent and are often not pathologically based 12…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmetric Variants of Anatolian Crania: A Preliminary Study

Elbizim

Ortuğ

Liman

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Analysis of nonmetric cranial variants has been essential for identifying the human population through osteologic analysis and genetic affinities. This study aimed to examine the nonmetric cranial variants to evaluate differences among sex and side correlations in Anatolian dry skulls. This study was carried out on 50 Anatolian adult dry human skulls (22 males, 28 females) with suitable features (nonfractured and/or with necessary features) out of a total of 97 dry skulls. After sex analysis, each skull was photographed from the norma frontalis, lateralis, inferior, and superior. Eleven nonmetrical cranial variants were investigated. The cranial variants and side incidences were analyzed to determine their sex differences and interside correlations. After the classification, traits were marked as "present" or "absent" on the charts. Some variants in female crania were seen more frequently than in males. Most of the variants such as the supraorbital notch, infraorbital and zygomaticofacial foramen, showed high correlations between the right and left sides. Overall, there were no statistically significant sex or side differences found in the Anatolian crania.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmetric Variants of Anatolian Crania: A Preliminary Study

Elbizim

Ortuğ

Liman

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Violence and sharp force trauma in Nusaybin/Girnavaz Mound/Türkiye Late Roman–Early Islamic human remains

Köroğlu,

Erol,

Ocak

et al. 2024

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Girnavaz Mound (Höyük), located in modern Türkiye, was studied between 1982 and 1991. The mound, inhabited from the Late Uruk Period to the Neo‐Assyrian Period, was later abandoned and repurposed as a cemetery during the Late Roman–Early Islamic Period. Anthropological studies on skeletons from this cemetery analyzed 148 individuals from this period, revealing notable trauma in five individuals. This study examines the skeletal remains of four individuals with perimortem sharp force trauma and one individual with an in situ arrowhead injury. Macroscopic and CT analyses indicated that both perimortem and antemortem trauma were intentional. The skull and body bones of four individuals displayed incision trauma likely inflicted by sword‐like cutting weapons, suggesting murder and decapitation, possibly as a form of execution. One individual had an arrowhead lodged in the tibia, indicating the person lived for some time with the injury and was buried with the arrowhead. This study aims to infer the period's political conflicts and cultural structures based on the trauma evidence. The findings suggest that the observed trauma may be linked to massacres and murders resulting from regional conflicts. This study offers exemplary insights into the mechanics and analysis of sharp force and perimortem trauma. Additionally, it sheds light on the social and historical context of the period.

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Trauma Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains From the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period at Kültepe, Central Anatolia/Turkey

KÖROĞLU,

SEVİM EROL,

KULAKOĞLU

2023

Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

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The subject of the study is the demographic analysis and traumas of the people who lived during the Middle Bronze Age Assyrian Trade Colonies Period, excavated from Kültepe on the Central Anatolian plateau. A total of 61 individuals were identified from the examined human skeletal remains, including 25 males, 24 females, 6 individuals of undetermined gender, and 6 children and adolescents. Various traumas were detected on the skeletal remains of these individuals. After analyzing the distribution of traumas based on age and gender, the types of these traumas were explained. Comparisons were made with other societies that existed in Anatolia during the same period. While various traumas caused by violence were encountered in other societies, it is understood that the traumas observed in the population of Kültepe were mainly the result of accidents, falls, and occupational incidents. It is stated that the inhabitants of Kültepe consisted of various ethnic communities. Archaeological studies indicate that the residents of Kültepe, comprised of multiple ethnic groups, lived in accordance with the laws and rules established by the regional authorities. The results obtained from human skeletal remains support these archaeological results.

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Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains of Iron Age from the Shirakavan Cemetery, Shirak Plateau, Armenia

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Nonmetric Variants of Anatolian Crania: A Preliminary Study

Nonmetric Variants of Anatolian Crania: A Preliminary Study

Violence and sharp force trauma in Nusaybin/Girnavaz Mound/Türkiye Late Roman–Early Islamic human remains

Trauma Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains From the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period at Kültepe, Central Anatolia/Turkey

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