Bioanalytical methods for hypochlorous acid detection: Recent advances and challenges

Abstract

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a well-known universal disinfectant in clinical practice, plays important roles in immune systems of animal and human bodies. For understanding the roles of HOCl in living systems, a number of approaches, including chemiluminescence, colorimetric, electrochemical and chromatographic methods have been explored. For the detection of HOCl in live organisms, cuttingedge techniques, such as fluorescence/phosphorescence molecular probes, responsive nanoprobes, Raman and activatable photoacoustic sensors, have also been developed recently. In this review, the recent advances in the development of bioanalytical methods for detection of HOCl in environmental and biological specimens were summarized. More specifically, traditional techniques for assay of HOCl in bulk solution were initially discussed, and then fluorescence molecular probes, phosphorescence probes, responsive nanoprobes and other methods for HOCl detection were reviewed, which gives an overview of the developments and applications in bioanalytical methods for HOCl detection.

Structural Study on Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Chlorination of Betanin and Its Decarboxylated Derivatives from an Anti-Inflammatory Beta vulgaris L. Extract

“…It is produced by activated neutrophils and monocytes via the reaction of H 2 O 2 with Cl − ions catalyzed by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase [9,10]. In living systems, HOCl can react at the molecular level with primary amines and other N-compounds leading to a formation of chloramines and N-Cl derivatives [11]. The presence of HOCl and its derivatives in intercellular spaces can lead to the local irritation of epithelial tissue cells, damage of proteins, nucleotides, DNA, RNA, fatty acids or cholesterol [11][12][13][14][15].…”

HOCl Responsive Lanthanide Complexes Using Hydroquinone Caging Units

“…Given the key role of ROS in biology, many methods have been developed in order to detect them. Among these, mass spectrometry and a plethora of fluorescent and luminescent probes have been proposed over the years [4,[11][12][13][14]; these probes have also been conjugated to units (peptides or TTP) that can target specific organelles [4]; however, because of the complexity of both living organisms and redox processes in vivo, the selective and reliable detection of ROS has…”

Celestine blue B as a sensor for hypochlorous acid and HOCL-modified proteins registration

“…Вследствие высокой биологической активности MPO разработка высокочувствительных и селективных зондов для регистрации продукции HOCl остается важной задачей в биологии и медицине [4]. При этом флуоресцентный метод с использованием чувствительных молекулярных зондов признан одним из самых мощных инструментов для обнаружения малых количеств HOCl и ее производных в биологических образцах благодаря сочетанию высокой чувствительности, простоты и эффективности [5].…”