Bioaerosols in the Earth system: Climate, health, and ecosystem interactions

Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Janine; Kampf, Christopher J.; Weber, Bettina; Huffman, J. A.; Pöhlker, Christopher; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Lang‐Yona, Naama; Burrows, Susannah M.; Gunthe, Sachin S.; Elbert, Wolfgang; Su, Hang; Hoor, Peter; Thines, Eckhard; Hoffmann, Thorsten; Després, Viviane R.; Pöschl, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.07.018

Cited by 690 publications

(506 citation statements)

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“…Also, the 10 higher relative proportion in the fine fraction (~57% compared to 48% in the coarse fraction) may help to explain the high proportions, as small spores could have a longer atmospheric residence time, and therefore higher accumulation rates in the atmosphere. agriculture, local flora and fauna, or the allergic sensitization and exposure towards fungal species (Boddy et al, 2014;Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2016;Gange et al, 2007;Wolf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi

Pickersgill

Wehking

Paulsen

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Fungi play important roles in the environment, agriculture, and human health. Most fungal species spread by winddriven dispersal of spores, determining their occurrence and distribution in different environments. The dynamics of airborne fungi and their dependence on lifestyle and environmental conditions, however, are not well characterized. 10Here, we categorize the fungi detected in coarse and fine aerosol samples from continental boundary layer air using a lifestyle classification scheme that differentiates whether the fungi are (A) primarily associated to herbaceous or woody plants and (B), whether they are saprophytic, plant pathogenic, or surface inhabitants."Herbaceous" fungi exhibit stronger seasonal variations and correlations with meteorological factors. We find two distinct clusters when viewing the distribution of the fungi between the coarse and fine size fractions. Pathogenic and surface-15 inhabiting herbaceous fungi are shifted towards the coarse size fraction, adapted to impaction on plant surfaces, while saprophytic fungi are shifted towards the fine fraction or are evenly distributed, adapted more to sedimentation and longer atmospheric residence times."Wood" fungi display sporadic occurrences, seen for most saprophytes, or year-round occurrences with seasonal to polycyclic peaks seen amongst pathogens. In comparison to herbaceous fungi they show weaker correlations with meteorological factors. 20They display more even coarse-fine distributions, which may be an adaptation to the calm conditions beneath the forest canopy.The differences reflect lifestyle-dependent sporulation strategies which may facilitate and improve the assessment and forecasting of the abundance and spread of pathogenic fungi and related issues such as crop protection in view of land-use and climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their influence on atmospheric processes is also subject of ongoing discussions, as individual species have displayed ice-nucleating abilities far more efficient than non-biological aerosols, and, thus, they may influence cloud formation (Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2015, 2016Pöschl, 2005;Richard et al, 1996). 5…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi

Pickersgill

Wehking

Paulsen

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…It is known that aged organic species and watersoluble inorganic compounds are removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition more efficiently than EC (Cerqueira et al, 2010;Witkowska et al, 2016). In addition, during the transition from winter to summer, differential scavenging of the aerosol species can occur in mixed-phase clouds due to the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen effect (Wegener, 1911;Bergeron, 1935;Findeisen, 1938). In this type of clouds, the scavenging efficiency of EC decreased by more than a factor of 5 (Cozic et al, 2007;Qi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Characterisation Of Background Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fungal spores and plant pollen), and various fragments or excretions (e.g. plant debris, brochosomes, and salt particles) (Després et al, 2012;Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2016;Pöh-lker et al, 2012). Their particle sizes range from nanometres up to about 1/10 of a millimetre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We present long-term (5-year) measurements of particulate matter with an upper diameter limit of ∼ 10 µm (PM 10 ), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosol filter samples collected at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in the middle-taiga subzone (Siberia). The data are complemented with carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Air mass back trajectory analysis and satellite image analysis were used to characterise potential source regions and the transport pathway of haze plumes. Polluted and background periods were selected using a non-parametric statistical approach and analysed separately. In addition, near-pristine air masses were selected based on their EC concentrations being below the detection limit of our thermal-optical instrument. Over the entire sampling campaign, 75 and 48 % of air masses in winter and in summer, respectively, and 42 % in spring and fall are classified as polluted. The observed background concentrations of CO and EC showed a sine-like behaviour with a period of 365 ± 4 days, mostly due to different degrees of dilution and the removal of polluted air masses arriving at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) from remote sources. Our analysis of the near-pristine conditions shows that the longest periods with clean air masses were observed in summer, with a frequency of 17 %, while in wintertime only 1 % can be classified as a clean. Against a background of low concentrations of CO, EC, and OC in the near-pristine summertime, it was possible to identify pollution plumes that most likely came from crude-oil production sites located in the oil-rich regions of Western Siberia. Overall, our analysis indicates that most of the time the Siberian region is impacted by atmospheric pollution arising from biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions. A relatively clean atmosphere can be observed mainly in summer, when polluted species are removed by precipitation and the aerosol burden returns to near-pristine conditions.

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“…Atmospheric particles play an important role in the earth system, especially in the interactions between climate (IPCC, 2013) and human health (Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al, 2016;Lakey et al, 2016). Aerosols interact with atmospheric radiation directly via absorption and scattering, and indirectly via cloud formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol in a global aerosol chemistry climate model

Stadtler

Kühn

Kokkola

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Within the framework of the global chemistry climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ a novel explicit coupling between the sectional aerosol model HAM-SALSA and the chemistry model MOZ was established to form isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA). Isoprene oxidation in the chemistry model MOZ is described by a semi-explicit scheme consisting of 147 reactions, embedded in a detailed atmospheric chemical mechanism with a total of 779 reactions. Low volatile compounds 5 (LVOC) produced during isoprene photooxidation are identified and explicitly partitioned by HAM-SALSA. A group contribution method was used to estimate their evaporation enthalpies and corresponding saturation vapor pressures, which are used by HAM-SALSA to calculate the saturation concentration of each LVOC. With this method, every single precursor is tracked in terms of condensation and evaporation in each aerosol size bin. This approach lead to the identification of ISOP(OOH)2 as a main contributor to iSOA formation. Further, reactive uptake of isoprene epoxidiols (IEPOX) and isoprene derived glyoxal 10 were included as iSOA sources. The parameterization of IEPOX reactive uptake includes a dependency on aerosol pH value.This model framework connecting semi-explicit isoprene oxidation with explicit treatment of aerosol tracers leads to a global, annual isoprene SOA yield of 16% relative to the primary oxidation of isoprene by OH, NO 3 , and ozone. With 445 Tg (392 TgC) isoprene emitted, an iSOA source of 148 Tg (61 TgC) is simulated. The major part of iSOA in ECHAM-HAMMOZ is produced by IEPOX (24.4 TgC) and ISOP(OOH)2 (28.3 TgC). The main sink process is particle wet deposition which removes 15 143 Tg (59 TgC). The iSOA burden reaches 1.6 Tg (0.7 TgC) in the year 2012.

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Bioaerosols in the Earth system: Climate, health, and ecosystem interactions

Cited by 690 publications

References 463 publications

Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi

Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi

Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia

Isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol in a global aerosol chemistry climate model

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