Bioaerosols emission and exposure risk of a wastewater treatment plant with A2O treatment process

Han, Yizhuo; Yang, Kaixiong; Tang, Yang; Zhang, Mengzhu; Li, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.018

Cited by 86 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Courault et al [25] detected hepatitis E virus and norovirus RNA in the aerosol produced from active sludge basins of WWTPs and in that of plots irrigated with the treated water. Indeed, risks of SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization can be particularly high in uncovered aerobic wastewater treatment facilities like an aerobic tank [26] and activated sludge process [23]. The potential for the coronaviruses to become aerosolized increases with the transport in water [27], particularly during the pumping of wastewater, during its discharge and subsequent flow through the drainage network [28].…”

Section: Bioaerosol Produced During Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation

Usman

Farooq

Anastopoulos

2021

Water

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The existence of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in wastewater raises the opportunity of tracking wastewater for epidemiological monitoring of this disease. However, the existence of this virus in wastewater has raised health concerns regarding the fecal–oral transmission of COVID-19. This short review is intended to highlight the potential implications of aerosolized wastewater in transmitting this virus. As aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 could offer a more direct respiratory pathway for human exposure, the transmission of this virus remains a significant possibility in the prominent wastewater-associated bioaerosols formed during toilet flushing, wastewater treatment, and sprinkler irrigation. Implementing wastewater disinfection, exercising precautions, and raising public awareness would be essential. Additional research is needed to evaluate the survival, fate, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the environment and rapid characterization of aerosols and their risk assessment.

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Section: Bioaerosol Produced During Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation

Usman

Farooq

Anastopoulos

2021

Water

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“…We measured different inhaled particle fractions, including PM 10 , PM 4 and PM 2.5 . The particle size fraction determines where the inhaled particles will deposit in the respiratory system, and the deposition site is a major factor determining the health effects, if any, of the deposited particles [25,26]. The majority of the PM 10 mass will be deposited in the upper respiratory tract [27,28], while the majority of the PM 4 particle mass will be deposited in the alveolar region [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the health effects associated with inhalable bioaerosols, a model [23][24][25] recommended by the US EPA [26] was applied, which estimates the average daily inhalable dose (ADD). The ADD for inhalable bioaerosols can be calculated by the following Equation (4).…”

Section: Inhalable Aerosol Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Inhalation Exposure to Aerosol and Health Effect: Aerosol Monitoring and Modelling Regional Deposited Doses

Sohn

Kim

2020

IJERPH

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Since poor air quality affects human health in the short and long term, much research has been performed on indoor and outdoor aerosol exposure; however, there is a lack of specific data on the exposure and health risks of inhalable aerosols that contain bioaerosol in different environments of human life. To investigate the potential exposure to inhalable aerosols (in the monitoring of particulate matter (PM) based on R modeling, variations of PM depend on the ventilation system and bioaerosols based on size distribution) in various environments, the special viability and culturability of bioaerosols and their deposition doses in the respiratory system were evaluated. We conducted exposure assessments on inhalable aerosols in various indoor environments (childcare facilities, schools, commercial buildings, elderly and homes). The fractions of PM (PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were investigated and, for the bioaerosol, the viability, culturability, inhalation daily dose and the deposited dose of the aerosol in the respiratory system were calculated to evaluate the human health effects. For two years, the distribution of the indoor PM concentration was high in all PM fractions in schools and commercial buildings, and low in the elderly and at homes. For airborne bacteria, the highest concentrations were shown in the childcare facility during the four seasons, while airborne fungi showed high concentrations in the buildings during the spring and summer, which showed significant differences from other investigated environments (between the buildings and elderly and homes: p < 0.05). The viability and culturability for the bioaerosol showed no significant difference in all environments, and the correlation between inhalable PM and bioaerosol obtained from the six-stage impactor showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) between coarse particles (PM10–2.5, the size of stage 2–3) and cultivable airborne bacteria ranged from 0.70 (elderly and homes) to 0.84 (school) during the summer season.

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“…and Enterobacter spp. bacteria to the health of wastewater treatment plant employees [10,11]. Wastewater and bioaerosol generated in a WWTPs were also reported as the source of drug-resistant microorganisms and genes that induce antibiotic resistance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological and Toxicological Hazards in Sewage Treatment Plant Bioaerosol and Dust

Szulc

Okrasa

Majchrzycka

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Despite the awareness that work in the sewage treatment plant is associated with biological hazards, they have not been fully recognised so far. The research aims to comprehensively evaluate microbiological and toxicological hazards in the air and settled dust in workstations in a sewage treatment plant. The number of microorganisms in the air and settled dust was determined using the culture method and the diversity was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. Endotoxin concentration was assessed with GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) while secondary metabolites with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry). Moreover, cytotoxicity of settled dust against a human lung epithelial lung cell line was determined with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and UHPLC-Q-ToF-UHRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis was performed to determine the source of cytotoxicity. The total dust concentration in the sewage treatment plant was low and ranged from 0.030 mg m−3 to 0.044 mg m−3. The highest microbiological contamination was observed in sludge thickening building and screenings storage. Three secondary metabolites were detected in the air and sixteen in the settled dust. They were dominated by compounds typical of lichen and plants and Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera mould. The settled dust from the sludge thickening building revealed high cytotoxicity to human lung epithelial cells A-549 (IC50 = 6.98 after 72 h). This effect can be attributed to a biocidal compound—didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C10) and seven toxic compounds: 4-hydroxynonenal, carbofuran, cerulenin, diethylphosphate, fenpropimorph, naphthalene and onchidal. The presence of DDAC-C10 and other biocidal substances in the sewage treatment plant environment may bring negative results for biological sewage treatment and the natural environment in the future and contribute to microorganisms’ increasing antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the concentration of antibiotics, pesticides and disinfectants in sewage treatment plant workstations should be monitored.

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Bioaerosols emission and exposure risk of a wastewater treatment plant with A2O treatment process

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation

Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation

Human Inhalation Exposure to Aerosol and Health Effect: Aerosol Monitoring and Modelling Regional Deposited Doses

Microbiological and Toxicological Hazards in Sewage Treatment Plant Bioaerosol and Dust

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