Bioactivity of endodontic biomaterials on dental pulp stem cells through dentin

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the indirect effect of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as 2 calcium silicate-based hydraulic cements, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through different dentin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Two-chamber setups were designed to simulate indirect pulp capping (IPC). Human molars were sectioned to obtain 0.1-, 0.3-, and 0.5-mm-thick dentin discs, which were placed between the 2 chambers to simulate an IPC procedure. Then, MTA and CEM were applied on one side of the discs, while hDPSCs were cultured on the other side. After 2 weeks of incubation, the cells were removed, and cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment to the discs were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXA) spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed quantitatively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: SEM micrographs revealed elongated cells, collagen fibers, and calcified nucleations in all samples. EDXA verified that the calcified nucleations consisted of calcium phosphate. The largest calcifications were seen in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroups. There was no significant difference in ALP activity across the CEM subgroups; however, ALP activity was significantly lower in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroup than in the other MTA subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The employed capping biomaterials exerted biological activity on hDPSCs, as shown by cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment and calcific precipitations, through 0.1-to 0.5-mm-thick layers of dentin. In IPC, the bioactivity of these endodontic biomaterials is probably beneficial.

Effect of pulp capping materials on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study

“…It is also important to note that a balance between the inflammatory response and the regenerative potential of the pulp capping material(s) should be taken into consideration (Giraud et al, 2019). It has been proven that TheraCal LC ® shifts the balance toward an intense inflammatory reaction that could alter the regeneration process due to incomplete polymerization and/or hydration and decreased cell viability from the uncured monomers, as well as the release of cytokines (Bakhtiar et al, 2017;Jeanneau et al, 2017), while resin-free materials induced regeneration with a subtle anti-inflammatory reaction that inhibits proinflammatory factors and minimizes inflammatory cells recruitment, which results in the overall shift of the balance toward regeneration without compromising the healing process (Giraud et al, 2018;Nowicka et al, 2013). All of the above supports the findings from the current study where all test materials outperformed TheraCal PT ® .…”

Incorporation of amoxicillin-loaded microspheres in mineral trioxide aggregate cement: an in vitro study

“…The used copolymer solubilizes at pH 7. However, the alkaline medium induced by Ca 2+ released from MTA-cements may delay its degradation, retarding the release of the drug [ 29 30 ]. The MTA's ability to increase the local pH makes this material very favorable as a vehicle for polymeric microspheres.…”

Evaluation of dental pulp stem cells behavior after odontogenic differentiation induction by three different bioactive materials on two different scaffolds

“…The solutions were then rinsed and the samples were dried in a hood. The samples were gold-coated and examined under SEM for viability, morphology, adhesion affinity, and matrix deposition [ 28 ].…”