Bioactivity of catalase loaded into vaterite CaCO3 crystals via adsorption and co-synthesis

Inter-protein interactions govern protein loading into porous vaterite CaCO3 crystals

“…Interestingly, it has recently been demonstrated that the impact of van der Waals forces is prevalent over electrostatic binding of CAT to CaCO 3 crystals. 74 Here, we demonstrate that the adsorption of INS, which has a similar surface charge to that of CAT, is nonspecific, indicating that the electrostatic attraction of INS to vaterite may not play a significant role.…”

Naturally derived nano- and micro-drug delivery vehicles: halloysite, vaterite and nanocellulose

“…70 The FDA has approved the use of CaCO 3 (without specifying its polymorphism) as a food additive ( §582.1191), a dietary supplement ( §582.5191), a direct food substance ( §184.1191), and a colour additive for food ( §73. 70 to macromolecules (proteins, 77,81,82 growth factors, 83 genes 84,85 ) and inorganic nanoparticles (Ag, 86 ). Importantly, multicomponent encapsulation into VCC is also possible and has been reported (e.g.…”

“…Adsorption represents the most ''mild'' method suitable for the encapsulation of labile molecules prone to aggregation, denaturation and the loss of activity in aggressive media. 81,82,94 In contrast, for co-precipitation mixing of drug solution with precursor salts results in more effective entrapment and homogeneous distribution of the drug inside the crystals during their growth. However, because of more harsh conditions of crystal growth (high ionic strength and elevated pH), much higher encapsulation efficiencies may be accompanied by a partial loss of activity for sensitive macromolecules, 81 while small drugs are usually unaffected.…”

“…Finally, crystals loaded by means of adsorption are usually prone to faster drug release than crystals loaded by co-synthesis. 82 Crystal coating with lipids, 95 polymers 79 or polymer multilayers 76 fabricated via polymer layer-by-layer assembly is often proposed to reduce drug leakage and prolong drug release kinetics. Notably, polymer multilayers are permeable for ions and small molecules, which allows the formation of polymer based capsules when multilayer coated VCC crystals are decomposed by lowering the pH or adding chelating agents (e.g.…”

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsule (PEMC)-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…Mucin, of a number of other biologically relevant molecules, can be loaded into the vaterite crystals by co-synthesis or by physical adsorption by allowing the crystals to interact with the biomolecules for sufficient time [ 184 ]. Nevertheless, co-synthesis is one of the most promising methods to encapsulate bioactives into vaterite crystals due to a fine control over encapsulation capacity and a high retention of bioactivity [ 185 , 186 ].…”