Bioactivities and Chemoprofiling Comparisons of Chenopodium Ambrosioides L. And Chenopodium Botrys L. Growing in Kashmir, India

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of the study were the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification and comparison of the chemical constituents, evaluation of the antifungal and anticancer activities of two species of genus Chenopodium, for example, Chenopodium ambrosioides (Ca) and Chenopodium botrys (Cb) growing in Kashmir, Himalayan region.Methods: The hydrodistilled essential oil of Ca and Cb was subjected to GC-MS analysis and antifungal activity for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination against different human pathogenic fungal strains using broth microdilution assay in 96-well microtiter plates as per the protocol of the clinical and laboratory standards institute (2008 M27-A3). The anti-proliferative ability of the essential oils was also evaluated against the two cell lines MCF-7 (human mammary carcinoma cells) and A549 (Human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells).Results: A total of 34 compounds identified in Ca with α-terpinene (37.17%), isoascaridole (20.48%), and ascaridole (14.83%) as the key compounds. The key compounds of Cb were shyobunol (18.91%), and hedycaryol (9.51%), germacrene-D-4-ol (8.57%), with 65 identified compounds. Both the species were found to have comparable antifungal activities against human pathogenic fungi with MIC80 values in the range of 0.031 mg/ml– 0.256 mg/ml for Ca and 0.031 mg/ml–0.126 mg/ml in case of Cb. Maximum anti-proliferative activity was observed at 125 μg/ml concentration in A549 cell line, while as the oils inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cell line at a lower concentration of 31.25 μg/ml.Conclusion: The essential oils of Ca and Cb were found to have potent anticancer and antifungal activities and can have potential use as a natural fungicide.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of a Plant-Based Substance for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

“…Moreover, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, as a new derivative in the substance, was previously detected in the chemical composition of Achillea santolina L. essential oil and demonstrated effectiveness against microorganisms and leishmania [ 56 ]. The compound trans-ascaridol, which was also identified amongst the main constituents of the Indian Chenopodium ambrosioides and Chenopodium botrys , has been found to have antifungal activity [ 57 ]. Interestingly, alloaromadendrene has been reported to have a higher antimicrobial activity than 1,8-cineole and to increase its antimicrobial potential [ 58 ].…”

Chemical Composition andIn VitroAnti-Wood-Decay Fungal Activities ofDysphania ambrosioidesLeaf Essential Oil From Taiwan

“…These studies on D. ambrosioides oil have suggested that there are many chemotypes, for example, India oils, with the following major components: α-terpinene (65.4%), and p -cymene (29.4%) 38 ; α-terpinene (63.6%), p -cymene (19.5%), and ascaridole (6.2%) 39 ; α-terpinene (44.7%), p -cymene (21.3%), and ascaridole (17.9%) 40 ; ascaridole (38.0%), α-terpinene (37.7%), and p -cymene (16.7%) 41 ; ascaridole (40.7%), isoascaridole (22.7%), α-terpinene (17.9%), and p -cymene (8.5%) 42 ; p -cymene (36.3%) and ascardiole (31.2%) 21 ; α-terpinene (37.2%), isoascaridole (20.5%), and ascaridole (14.8%) 43 ; and α-terpinene (72.5%), p -cymene (20.6%), and terpinolene (2.5%). 44 In China, the D. ambrosioides oil was found to contain the following major components: menthol (31.3%), and α-terpinene (13.2%) 45 ; bornylene (42.6%), p -cymene (21.8%), ascaridole (18.4%), and α-terpinene (11.7%) 46 ; p -cymene (49.6%), α-terpinene (26.8%), and isoascaridole (8.2%) 47 ; ( Z )-ascaridole (29.7%), isoascaridole (13.0%), and p -cymene (12.7%) 48 ; and α-terpinene (32.9%) and p -cymene (24.2%).…”

Essential oils from Dysphania genus: Traditional uses, chemical composition, toxicology, and health benefits

“…Some studies demonstrate the cytotoxic activity of D. ambrosioides L. EO against tumours; the authors have demonstrated that the EO reduced cell growth and were cytotoxic to human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 in a dose and time-dependent manner, via an apoptosis-related mechanism. D. botrys EO showed maximum growth inhibitions against the A549 cell line and inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cell line ( Table 4 ) ( Shameem et al, 2019 ). The reported research has shown the precise anti-tumor mechanisms of D. ambrosioides EO, which are related to apoptosis induction ( Table 4 ).…”