Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers

Abstract

This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990–2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative or cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.

Comparative Biological Evaluation of Four Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Nigella Sativa Seeds

“…Endophytic fungi can be considered as a source of chemically novel bioactive secondary metabolites belonging to different chemical classes (Tenguria et al, 2011). Several bioactive metabolites have been characterized from endophytic fungi over last years, and those isolated compounds found to be belong to diverse structural groups such as; alkaloids (Metwaly et al, 2015), isochromenes, (Metwaly, A.M. et al, 2014b) benzopyranones (Metwaly, A. et al, 2014), α-pyrones (Metwaly, A.M. et al, 2014a;Metwaly et al, 2017), steroids (Hussain et al, 2009), terpenoids (Bilal et al, 2018), peptides (Tawfike et al, 2018), polyketones (Zheng et al, 2018), quinones (Stierle and Stierle, 2015), phenolics (Das et al, 2018), xanthones (Li et al, 2016, isocoumarines (Orfali et al, 2015), perylene derivatives (Chagas et al, 2016), furandiones (Li et al, 2015) and butenolide derivatives (Guo et al, 2016) . Recently, there has been a noticeable interest of researches on endophytic fungi producing important metabolites with a great diversity of biological activities such as antileukemic (Metwaly, A.M. et al, 2014a), anti-cancer (Chandra, 2012), antimicrobial(Kumar and Kaushik, 2012), anti-inflammatory (Deshmukh et al, 2009), antimalarial (Wiyakrutta et al, 2004), antileishmanial (Metwaly et al, 2013) and antioxidant (Huang et al, 2007).…”

Phialomyces macrosporus: Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity and Complete NMR Assignments for the 7,7′‐Biphyscion

“…1 (2). Red amorphous solid soluble in chloroform (30 mg Mannitol (4). White amorphous powder soluble in water and DMSO (322 mg).…”

“…Fungi inhabit all kinds of environmental ecosystems on biosphere and produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, whose roles would include: protection from UV damage, chemical signals of communication, development of their structures or functions, defense and weapons in their ecosystems . Many of these compounds have their use for the humankind for treatment of their diseases such as antibiotic, immunosuppressive and cholesterol‐reducing . The needs of medicine and agriculture for new compounds to overcome the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms have been encouraging researchers around the world in devoting their efforts to find fungal metabolites with novelty in their structures and modes of action, as well as new biological activities …”

“…[1,2] Many of these compounds have their use for the humankind for treatment of their diseases such as antibiotic, immunosuppressive and cholesterol-reducing. [3,4] The needs of medicine and agriculture for new compounds to overcome the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms have been encouraging researchers around the world in devoting their efforts to find fungal metabolites with novelty in their structures and modes of action, as well as new biological activities. [5 -7] Our research group has been studying the chemistry of filamentous fungi associated to plants from restinga biome due to their abilities in producing secondary metabolites having any biological activity, as well as their significance in nanotechnology and materials science.…”

Comparative Biological Evaluation of Six Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Vinca Rosea Leaves

“…Over last years, A huge amounts of bioactive secondary metabolites have been isolated from endophytic fungi belonging to different chemical groups such as; tetralones (Kokubun et al, 2003), cytochalasins (Wagenaar et al, 2000), xanthones (Krohn et al, 2009 terpenoids (Bilal et al, 2018), alkaloids (Metwaly et al, 2015), steroids (Hussain et al, 2009), polyketones (Zheng et al, 2018), quinones (Stierle and Stierle, 2015), phenolics (Das et al, 2018), isocoumarines (Orfali et al, 2015), isochromenes, (Metwaly, A.M. et al, 2014b), benzopyranones (Metwaly, A. et al, 2014), furandiones (Li et al, 2015), α-pyrones (Metwaly, A.M. et al, 2014a;Metwaly et al, 2017), and butenolide derivatives (Guo et al, 2016) .…”