Bioactive potential of endophyticMyrotheciumsp. isolate M1-CA-102, associated withCalophyllum apetalum

Abstract

Context: Endophytes colonizing medicinal plants are diverse, constituting a rich bioresource for novel natural products. Objective: Myrothecium sp. isolate M1-CA-102 was the most promising among the 16 Myrothecium isolates screened. The bioactive potential of the crude extract from the Calophyllum apetalum Willd. endophytic Myrothecium sp. (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar (Incertae sedis) isolate M1-CA-102 and its thin layer chromatography (TLC) fractions were screened based on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities, and cytotoxicity. Materials and methods: The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 0 -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities. Further, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition were assessed at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/mL for the crude extract, 5, 25, and 50 mg/mL for the TLC fractions). DNA-nicking assay as an indicator of the capacity of extracts to scavenge hydroxyl radical was recorded at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Cell cytotoxicity was recorded by colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis) and antiCandida (Candida albicans) assays were performed by the microdilution method. Results: The DPPH and ABTS IC 50 values of M1-CA-102 extract were 10 and 6 mg/mL compared with 6.1 and 7.03 mg/mL for the positive control quercetin. The cytotoxicity IC 50 value of M1-CA-102 extract was 37 mg/mL, while the M-I TLC fraction was 21 mg/mL. The M1-CA-102 extract gave an IC 50 value of 58 and 8 mg/mL for 15-LOX and COX-2, respectively. The MIC values for antimicrobial activity for M1-CA-102 extract ranged from 35 to 54 mg/mL, while for the TLC fractions, it ranged from 91 to 515 mg/mL. Conclusion:The results indicate that Myrothecium M1-CA-102 isolated from C. apetalum is a potential source of natural metabolites of pharmaceutical importance.

Anti-leishmanial and Anti-inflammatory Agents from Endophytes: A Review

“…From another screening of 16 Myrothecium isolates from Calophyllum apetalum Willd, a fungus Myrothecium sp. M1-CA-102 exhibited promising activity with an IC 50 value of 58 and 8 μg/mL for 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively [81]. These results from the above investigations suggest that the extracts from endophytes possess constituents with anti-inflammatory properties that may be developed as drugs against inflammatory disorders.…”

“…The investigation of extract from Camarops sp. endophytic fungus isolated from Alibertia macrophylla led to the isolation of two new eremophilanetype sesquiterpenes, xylarenones F (79) and G (80), together with the two known compounds xylarenones C (81) and D (82), all exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory activity [101]. Recently, eight compounds including two new isochromanone derivatives (3S,4S)-3,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4,5trimethylisochroman-1-one (83) and methyl (S)-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methyl-4a-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)benzoate (84), and six known compounds including (4S)-clearanol C (85) (3R,4S)-3,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-meth-oxy-4,5-dimethylisochroman-1-one (86), polygonolide (87), (7S,8S)-8-ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,3,8-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (88), (7R,8S)-8-ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,3,8-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (89), and leptosphaerone (90) were isolated from the culture of Phoma sp.…”

The Uneven Distribution of Mating Type Genes in Natural and Cultivated Truffle Orchards Contributes to the Fructification ofTuber indicum

“…The pH in water (1:2.5 soil/water ratio) was measured by dissolving air-dried soil. Organic matter content was estimated by the Tyurin method [ 21 ]. Total nitrogen was measured by the Kjeldahl method [ 22 ].…”

Evaluation of Metabolites of Myrothecium verrucaria as Biological Nematicide against Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Vitro and in Vivo on Sugar Beet Plants

“…The broth and mycelia were blended together and extracted with equal volumes of ethyl acetate and mycelia were removed by filtration through four layers of muslin cloth. The filtrates were evaporated using a rotary evaporator (Ruma et al, 2014). The obtained extracts of the fungus was frozen and lyophilized then, dissolved in methanol and used further for the assays.…”