Bioactive glass particulate material as a filler for bone lesions

Abstract

Summary Calcium‐phosphate ceramic particulates are often used as filler material for enhanced repair of dental bone defects. Although evidence of bone ingrowth in the scaffold of these particles has been described, it is not observed consistently. Fibrous tissue often encapsulates these particles, which can subsequently become dispersed into the surrounding tissues or even exfoliated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bioactive glass granules (Biogran ™)* as a filler for osseous lesions, and to compare them with two commercially available Hydroxylapatite (HA) granules. The particulates were implanted in the jaws of five beagle dogs, resected and evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of implantation. Histological analysis revealed an improvement in repair of all the lesions. A massive osteoconductive bone growth was seen near the walls of the bony cavities, but in greater amounts around the bioactive glass granules than around the HA materials. On top of this massive growth a trabecular bone growth was observed in the centre of the bony cavities. These trabeculae were associated with the glass particles, which exhibited osteophilic properties, while fibrous tissue separated the bone tissue from the HA particles. The centres of many of the particles are excavated, and are subsequently filled by newly formed bone tissue. This internally formed bone tissue is not necessarily connected to the surrounding bone tissue, and functions as a nucleation site for further bone repair. For the mesenchymal cells within the eroded glass particles this inner environment acts as a stimulus to differentiate into osteoblasts and to start their osteogenetic potential. This phenomenon was not observed around the HA materials. If the latter were surrounded by fibrous tissue, disintegration of the surface by giant cells was observed.

Evaluation of optical density of bone defects filled with calcium phosphate cement and bioactive glass in rats

“…Moreover, BG has shown surface osteopromotive and osteoconductive ability, biocompatibility for bone migration, and a bioactive surface colonized by free osteogenic cells in the surgical wound 9 . When analyzing the results from the within-group analysis, throughout the observation periods, the control group showed increasing values of optical density.…”

Materials in particulate form for tissue engineering. 1. Basic concepts

“…Ceramic materials, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glasses (BG) have been widely investigated for hard tissue applications (Balla et al, 1991;Schepers et al, 1991Schepers et al, , 1993Schepers et al, , 1998Meenen et al, 1992;Gatti et al, 1994;Schepers and Ducheyne, 1997;Chu et al, 2002;Huygh et al, 2002;Artzi et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005;Chu et al, 2006), for filling, support and promotion of regeneration. Their role as drug delivery devices derives from their compatibility and physical characteristics, such as non-immunogenicity and degradability.…”

“…Adjuvant for immune response (Matzelle and Babensee, 2004) (Ghassabian et al, 1996) Hyaluronan and derivatives Release of gentamicin (Schlapp and Friess, 2003) Zein ( (Schepers et al, 1991(Schepers et al, , 1993Schepers and Ducheyne, 1997;Schepers et al, 1998;Huygh et al, 2002;Gosain, 2004 …”

“…Chromatography (Attebery, 1975;Rocca and Rouchouse, 1976;Fahlvik et al, 1990;Zhang and El Rassi, 1999;Spegel et al, 2001) Imaging (Cuthbertson et al, 2003;Cavalieri et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2006;Klibanov, 2006) Filling of defects (Schepers et al, 1991;Guicheux et al, 1997;Santos et al, 1998;Schepers et al, 1998;Falaize et al, 1999;Huygh et al, 2002;Day et al, 2004;Domingues et al, 2004;Gosain, 2004) Adjuvants in vaccines (Ohagan et al, 1993;Moore et al, 1995;Nakaoka et al, 1995;Ertl et al, 1996;Heritage et al, 1996;Ohagan et al, 1997;Stertman et al, 2006) Cell culture (Malda et al, 2003b;Xu et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2003;Liu and Wu, 2004;Yokomizo et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2005;Melero-Martin et al, 2006) Drug delivery (Herrmann and Bodmeier, 1995;Guicheux et al, 1997;Berthold et al, 1998;Herrmann and Bodmeier, 1998;Jeong et al, 1998;Cruaud et al, 1999;Ganza-Gonzalez et al, 1999;Lam et al, 2000;Lim et al, 2000;…”

Maxillary sinus augmentation - diagnostic and surgical technique

“…Other materials were used, like: bone allografts (25,28,31), TCP (tricalcicum phosphate), resorbable and nonresorbable hydroxyapatite (8,28,(32)(33)(34), bovinederived bone mineral (35) and bioactive glasses. (36) The ideal maxillary sinus bone-grafting material should provide biologic stability, ensure volume maintenance, and allow the occurrence of new bone infiltration and bone remodeling.…”