Bioactive food stimulants of sympathetic activity: effect on 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation

Abstract

Objective: Bioactive food ingredients influence energy balance by exerting weak thermogenic effects. We studied whether the thermogenic effect of a combination of capsaicin, green tea extract (catechins and caffeine), tyrosine, and calcium was maintained after 7-day treatment and whether local effects in the gastric mucosa were involved in the efficacy. Design: The present study was designed as a 3-way crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention. Setting: Department of Human Nutrition, RVAU, Denmark. Subjects: A total of 19 overweight to obese men (BMI: 28.072.7 kg/m 2 ) were recruited by advertising locally. Intervention: The subjects took the supplements for a period of 7 days. The supplements were administrated as a simple supplement with the bioactive ingredients, a similar enterocoated version, or placebo. In all, 24-h energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidations, spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and heart rate were measured in respiration chambers on the seventh day of each test period. Results: After adjustment for changes in body weight and SPA, 24-h EE was increased by 160 kJ/day (95% CI: 15-305) by the simple preparation as compared to placebo, whereas the enterocoated preparation had no such effect (53 kJ/day, À92 to 198); simple vs enterocoated versions (P ¼ 0.09). The simple preparation produced a deficit in 24-h energy balance of 193 kJ/day (49-338, P ¼ 0.03). Fat and carbohydrate oxidation were equally increased by the supplements. Conclusion: A supplement containing bioactive food ingredients increased daily EE by B200 kJ or 2%, without raising the heart rate or any observed adverse effects. The lack of effect of the enterocoated preparation suggests that a local action of capsaicin in the gastric mucosa is a prerequisite for exerting the thermogenic effect.

Effects of CH-19 Sweet, a Non-Pungent Cultivar of Red Pepper, in Decreasing the Body Weight and Suppressing Body Fat Accumulation by Sympathetic Nerve Activation in Humans

“…35) Belza et al have reported that the intake of a combination of capsaicin, caffeine, catechins, L-tyrosine, and calcium for seven days increased the energy expenditure by about 40 kcal/ day. 36) In the present study, the body weight was decreased by 1.7 kg by the intake of CH-19 Sweet, the calculated increase in energy expenditure by the degree of weight loss being 350-500 kcal/day. The effect of CH-19 Sweet was greater than that in these previous reports.…”

The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans

“…Human data suggest that adding chilli to a meal lowers total energy and macronutrient intake (Yoshioka et al, 1999;Yoshioka et al, 2001;Yoshioka et al, 2004;Belza and Jessen, 2005). Chilli also increases postprandial energy expenditure (EE) (Henry and Emery 1986;Yoshioka et al, 1995;Yoshioka et al, 1998), fat oxidation in women (Yoshioka et al, 1998) and carbohydrate oxidation in men (Yoshioka et al, 1995;Lim et al, 1997).…”

“…To our knowledge, there are only two small to mediumlong-term studies that have investigated the effects of regular intake of the active ingredient of chilli (capsaicin) on metabolism in adult humans (Lejeune et al, 2003;Belza and Jessen, 2005). One study (Belza and Jessen, 2005) reported a 'tendency' towards increased energy expenditure after 1 week of regular capsaicin intake (0.6 mg/day) and the other (Lejeune et al, 2003), reported the beneficial effect of capsaicin (135 mg/day) in sustaining fat oxidation after a period of weight loss.…”

TRPV1 Agonist Monoacylglycerol Increases UCP1 Content in Brown Adipose Tissue and Suppresses Accumulation of Visceral Fat in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet

“…9) Belza et al have reported that the ingestion of CAPcontaining tablets which dissolve in the stomach increased the energy expenditure, whereas the same tablets dissolving in the small intestine had no such effect. 25) These reports suggest that the local action of CAP in gastric mucosa is a prerequisite for exerting the thermogenetic effect. Orally administered 1-MGs might therefore increase the expression of UCP1 protein and prevent WAT accumulation by activation of the TRPV1-expressing sensory nerve distributed in the upper gastrointestinal tract.…”