Bioactive Endophytes Warrant Intensified Exploration and Conservation

Smith, Stephen A.; Tank, David C.; Boulanger, Lori Ann; Bascom-Slack, Carol A.; Eisenman, Kaury; Kingery, David A.; Babbs, Beatrice; Fenn, Kathleen; Greene, Joshua S.; Hann, Bradley D.; Keehner, Jocelyn; Kelley-Swift, Elizabeth G.; Kembaiyan, Vivek; Lee, Sun Jin; Li, Puyao; Light, David Y.; Lin, Emily H.; Ma, Cong; Moore, Emily; Schorn, Michelle A.; Vekhter, Daniel; Núñez, Percy; Strobel, Gary A.; Donoghue, Michael J.; Strobel, Scott A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003052

Cited by 103 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…These organisms cause no overt damage to the plants in which they live (Bacon &White, 2000). Furthermore, since so little work on these endophytes has been done it is suspected that untold numbers of novel fungal genera exist as plant-associated microbes (Smith et al, 2008). The rationale for sampling rainforest species is that high plant biodiversity in the world's rainforest areas may be accompanied by high microbial diversity (Strobel & Daisy, 2003;Mittermeier et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

et al. 2010

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Muscodor crispans is a recently described novel endophytic fungus of Ananas ananassoides (wild pineapple) growing in the Bolivian Amazon Basin. The fungus produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); some of the major components of this mixture, as determined by GC/MS, are propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-; 1-butanol, 3-methyl-;1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester; and ethanol. The fungus does not, however, produce naphthalene or azulene derivatives as has been observed with many other members of the genus Muscodor. The mixture of VOCs produced by M. crispans cultures possesses antibiotic properties, as does an artificial mixture of a majority of the components. The VOCs of the fungus are effective against a wide range of plant pathogens, including the fungi Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Mycosphaerella fijiensis (the black sigatoka pathogen of bananas), and the serious bacterial pathogen of citrus, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. In addition, the VOCs of M. crispans killed several human pathogens, including Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Artificial mixtures of the fungal VOCs were both inhibitory and lethal to a number of human and plant pathogens, including three drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The gaseous products of Muscodor crispans potentially could prove to be beneficial in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

et al. 2010

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“…Putative polyurethanases have been isolated and characterized from protein extracts of several organisms, including the bacteria Pseudomonas chlororaphis (25) and Comamonas acidovorans (1,2), as well as the fungus Candida rugosa (8). The active enzymes have been classified as esterases (5,13,16), lipases (26), and proteases and ureases (19), suggesting degradation of the PUR substrate by cleavage of the ester bond.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Each of the more than 300,000 land plant species on Earth potentially hosts multiple endophyte species. Only a small sampling of plants have been examined for their endophytic associations, yet many of these organisms can be readily cultured (3,25,28). Endophytes reach their greatest diversity in tropical forests.…”

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Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi

Russell

Huang

Anand

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bioremediation is an important approach to waste reduction that relies on biological processes to break down a variety of pollutants. This is made possible by the vast metabolic diversity of the microbial world. To explore this diversity for the breakdown of plastic, we screened several dozen endophytic fungi for their ability to degrade the synthetic polymer polyester polyurethane (PUR). Several organisms demonstrated the ability to efficiently degrade PUR in both solid and liquid suspensions. Particularly robust activity was observed among several isolates in the genus Pestalotiopsis, although it was not a universal feature of this genus. Two Pestalotiopsis microspora isolates were uniquely able to grow on PUR as the sole carbon source under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Molecular characterization of this activity suggests that a serine hydrolase is responsible for degradation of PUR. The broad distribution of activity observed and the unprecedented case of anaerobic growth using PUR as the sole carbon source suggest that endophytes are a promising source of biodiversity from which to screen for metabolic properties useful for bioremediation.Tremendous increases in the manufacture and consumption of plastics over recent decades have led to numerous ecological and economic concerns. The persistence of synthetic polymers introduced into the environment by human industry poses a major threat to natural ecological systems. The low cost and ease of manufacture have increased global plastic demand more than 150-fold, with the production of 1.5 million tons in 1950 and 245 million tons as of 2006 (21). Despite recognition of the persistent pollution problems posed by plastic, global production is still increasing, with the largest increases expected in developing nations. The sheer volume of plastics produced each year presents a problem for waste disposal systems. The scale of this problem and the recalcitrance of some polymers to degradation necessitate investigation into effective methods for biodegradation of plastics. By gaining an understanding of the mechanisms of polymer degradation, a more efficient technique for the biodegradation of plastic waste can be achieved. To accomplish this goal, researchers need greater knowledge of how compounds are metabolized by existing organisms, an investigation of new organisms with bioremediation potential, and the characterization of novel metabolic capabilities.

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“…Endophytic fungi occupy a significant proportion of untold numbers of potential novel fungal genera [2]. When morphological data are missing, one can use internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data to aid in identification fungi [3] [4] [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of 1,8-Cineole, a Potential Biofuel, from an Endophytic Strain of <i>Annulohypoxylon</i> sp. FPYF3050 When Grown on Agricultural Residues

Wang¹,

Strobel²,

Yan³

2017

JSBS

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An endophytic fungus producing 1,8-cineole from Neolitsea pulchella (Meissn.) Merr. was identified as Annulohypoxylon sp. by phylogenetic analyses of the sequence alignments of ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, This isolate produces an attractive spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with only one dominant component, 1,8-cineole, as identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fungus was able to grow in seven media with different carbon sources, and five raw agro-forest residues. The content of 1,8-cineole in the mixed VOCs via fungus reached up to 94.95% and 91.25% relative area in PDA and raw poplar sawdust, respectively. Under optimum test conditions, the fungus produced 1,8-cineole at the 0.764 ppmv in 50 mL head spaces in PDA. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole is an ideal fuel additive for both diesel and gasoline engines. Also, this is the first isolate, in this group of fungi, making cineole, which produces as its primary VOC product which makes it an ideal organism for strain improvement. Such as step will be critical for its ultimate use in biofuel production.

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Bioactive Endophytes Warrant Intensified Exploration and Conservation

Cited by 103 publications

References 13 publications

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi

The Production of 1,8-Cineole, a Potential Biofuel, from an Endophytic Strain of <i>Annulohypoxylon</i> sp. FPYF3050 When Grown on Agricultural Residues

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Bioactive Endophytes Warrant Intensified Exploration and Conservation

Cited by 103 publications

References 13 publications

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus

Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi

The Production of 1,8-Cineole, a Potential Biofuel, from an Endophytic Strain of &lt;i&gt;Annulohypoxylon&lt;/i&gt; sp. FPYF3050 When Grown on Agricultural Residues

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The Production of 1,8-Cineole, a Potential Biofuel, from an Endophytic Strain of <i>Annulohypoxylon</i> sp. FPYF3050 When Grown on Agricultural Residues