Bioactive Compounds of Edible Fruits with Their Anti-Aging Properties: A Comprehensive Review to Prolong Human Life

Abstract

Aging is a complicated biological process in which functional and structural alterations in a living organism take place over time. Reactive oxygen species is one of the main factors responsible for aging and is associated with several chronic pathologies. The relationship between aging and diet is quite interesting and has attained worldwide attention. Healthy food, in addition to dietary antioxidants, are required to delay the process of aging and improve the quality of life. Many healthy foods such as fruits are a good source of dietary nutrients and natural bioactive compounds which have antioxidant properties and are involved in preventing aging and other age-related disorders. Health benefits linked with healthy consumption of fruit have drawn increased interest. A significant number of studies have documented the advantages of fruit intake, as it suppresses free-radical development that further reduces the oxidative stress created in the body and protects against several types of diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and other cardiovascular diseases that ultimately prevent aging. In addition, fruits have numerous other properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and have health-promoting effects. Mechanisms of various bioactive compounds that aids in preventing various diseases and increases longevity are also described. This manuscript provides a summary of various bioactive components present in fruits along with their health-promoting and antiaging properties.

Role of Natural Antioxidants on Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation

“…In fact, many dietary antioxidants are highly efficient in contrasting oxidative damage, and act as free radical scavengers. Huge amount of vegetables, fruits and berries are a rich source of natural antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, biophenols, vitamins, and other phytochemicals, which are actively involved in slowing down the ageing process [ 3 ]. Recently, several phytochemical complexes with antioxidant function have been identified as potential therapeutic agents to prevent/treat neurodegeneration disorders [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Association between Food Intake, Clinical and Metabolic Markers and DNA Damage in Older Subjects

“…Besides macro and micronutrients, also the protective effect of bioactives such as polyphenols against oxidative stress has been largely investigated [ 18 ]. A number of studies have shown the capacity of these compounds to neutralize the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species as well as to disrupt their propagation [ 53 , 54 ]. Furthermore, several studies have reported their ability to increase the activity of numerous antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and to upregulate nuclear factor erythroid-related factor and antioxidant-responsive elements, crucial for the modulation of oxidative stress and thus DNA damage [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review

“…The effectiveness of these phytochemicals used in treating jaundice and other diseases has been seen in their biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, or antioxidant activity. The oxidative stress of free radicals is directly associated with the presence of pathogenic organisms or due to disease-causing mechanisms of different ailments like cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases [117].…”