Bioactive compounds obtained from plants, their pharmacological applications and encapsulation

Díaz-Torres, Rocio Del Carmen; Alonso-Castro, Ángel Josabad; Carrillo-Inungaray, María Luisa; Carranza‐Álvarez, Candy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824109-7.00017-0

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Encapsulation is an alternative for problems of physical or chemical instability of compounds. It can inhibit volatilization and protect the encapsulated material against unfavorable environmental conditions, reducing the sensitivity to the degradation of plant materials and their bioactive compounds [ 22 ]. In such case, food biopolymers are used in the encapsulation process [ 23 ].…”

Section: Polymers Used For Encapsulation Of Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

et al. 2022

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This review presents an updated scenario of findings and evolutions of encapsulation of bioactive compounds for food and agricultural applications. Many polymers have been reported as encapsulated agents, such as sodium alginate, gum Arabic, chitosan, cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, Shellac, xanthan gum, zein, pullulan, maltodextrin, whey protein, galactomannan, modified starch, polycaprolactone, and sodium caseinate. The main encapsulation methods investigated in the study include both physical and chemical ones, such as freeze-drying, spray-drying, extrusion, coacervation, complexation, and supercritical anti-solvent drying. Consequently, in the food area, bioactive peptides, vitamins, essential oils, caffeine, plant extracts, fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenes are the main compounds encapsulated. In the agricultural area, essential oils, lipids, phytotoxins, medicines, vaccines, hemoglobin, and microbial metabolites are the main compounds encapsulated. Most scientific investigations have one or more objectives, such as to improve the stability of formulated systems, increase the release time, retain and protect active properties, reduce lipid oxidation, maintain organoleptic properties, and present bioactivities even in extreme thermal, radiation, and pH conditions. Considering the increasing worldwide interest for biomolecules in modern and sustainable agriculture, encapsulation can be efficient for the formulation of biofungicides, biopesticides, bioherbicides, and biofertilizers. With this review, it is inferred that the current scenario indicates evolutions in the production methods by increasing the scales and the techno-economic feasibilities. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for most of the encapsulation methods is going beyond TRL 6, in which the knowledge gathered allows for having a functional prototype or a representative model of the encapsulation technologies presented in this review.

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Section: Polymers Used For Encapsulation Of Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Commonly, these phytochemicals are entrapped in a matrix of polysaccharides or proteins formed when atomized liquid meets heated air. In comparison to traditional drying procedures, the drying time is typically shorter (1-20 s) [20,21]. The effects of the spray-drying conditions and wall materials on the stability and encapsulation efficiency of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae vegetables has been previously reported [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Ortega-Hernández,

Camero-Maldonado,

Acevedo-Pacheco

et al. 2023

Foods

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The health-related compounds present in kale are vulnerable to the digestive process or storage conditions. Encapsulation has become an alternative for their protection and takes advantage of their biological activity. In this study, 7-day-old Red Russian kale sprouts grown in the presence of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) were spray-dried with maltodextrin to assess their capacity to protect kale sprout phytochemicals from degradation during the digestion process. Analyses were conducted on the encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, and storage stability. Mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) and human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to assess the effect of the intestinal-digested fraction of the encapsulated kale sprout extracts on the cellular antioxidant capacity, the production of nitric oxide (NOx), and the concentrations of different cytokines as indicators of the immunological response. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in capsules with a 50:50 proportion of the hydroalcoholic extract of kale and maltodextrin. Gastrointestinal digestion affected compounds’ content in encapsulated and non-encapsulated kale sprouts. Spray-dried encapsulation reduced the phytochemicals’ degradation during storage, and the kale sprouts germinated with S and Se showed less degradation of lutein (35.6%, 28.2%), glucosinolates (15.4%, 18.9%), and phenolic compounds (20.3%, 25.7%), compared to non-encapsulated ones, respectively. S-encapsulates exerted the highest cellular antioxidant activity (94.2%) and immunomodulatory activity by stimulating IL-10 production (88.9%) and COX-2 (84.1%) and NOx (92.2%) inhibition. Thus, encapsulation is an effective method to improve kale sprout phytochemicals’ stability and bioactivity during storage and metabolism.

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miRNA, phytometabolites and disease: Connecting the dots

Ramprosand,

Govinden‐Soulange,

Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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AbstractmiRNAs are tiny noncoding ribonucleotides that function as critical regulators of gene‐expression in eukaryotes. A single miRNA may be involved in the regulation of several target mRNAs forming complex cellular networks to regulate diverse aspects of development in an organism. The deregulation of miRNAs has been associated with several human diseases. Therefore, miRNA‐based therapeutics is gaining interest in the pharmaceutical industry as the next‐generation drugs for the cure of many diseases. Medicinal plants have also been used for the treatment of several human diseases and their curative potential is attributed to their reserve in bioactive metabolites. A role for miRNAs as regulators of the phytometabolic pathways in plants has emerged in the recent past. Experimental studies have also indicated the potential of plant encoded secondary phytometabolites to act as cross‐regulators of mammalian miRNAs and transcripts to regulate human diseases (like cancer). The evidence for this cross‐kingdom gene regulation through miRNA has gathered considerable enthusiasm in the scientific field, even though there are on‐going debates regarding the reproducibility and the effectiveness of these findings. In this review, we provide information to connect the medicinal and gene regulatory properties of secondary phytometabolites, their regulation by miRNAs in plants and their effects on human miRNAs for regulating downstream metabolic or pathological processes. While further extensive research initiatives and good clinical evidence are required to prove or disapprove these findings, understanding of these regulations will have important implications in the potential use of synthetic or artificial miRNAs as effective alternatives for providing health benefits.

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Bioactive compounds obtained from plants, their pharmacological applications and encapsulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

miRNA, phytometabolites and disease: Connecting the dots

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