Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative, Antileukemic and Anti-MMPs Activity ofEleutherococcusSpecies Cultivated in Poland

Abstract

The content of phenols (TPC), and the antioxidative, antileukemic and anti-MMPs properties of Eleutherococcus spp. cultivated in Poland are reported. The highest TPC was found in the spring leaves (20.3-37.2 mg/g). The spring leaves and roots of E. divaricatus had the strongest anti-DPPH activity (EC 50 1.2 and 1.2 mg/mL), whereas the greatest ability of iron (II) chelating was shown by autumn leaves of E. setchuensis (EC 50 0.3 mg/mL), and the ethanolic extract of E. gracilistylus roots showed the strongest lipid antiperoxidation activity (EC 50 0.7 mg/mL). The highest number of apoptotic cells was observed in the Jurkat 45 cell line after treatment with the ethanolic extract of E. sessiliflorus roots (27%). Only the chloroform extracts of roots of E. gracilistylus and E. divaricatus showed the inhibitory activity against MMPs. Most of the studied species have a significant biological activity that is probably due to the presence of phenols. To the best of our knowledge, neither detailed phytochemical nor biological studies have been performed for most of the investigated species.

Phytochemical Content and Pharma‐Nutrition Study on Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits Intractum

“…Załuski et al [8] reported on the TPC in the 75% ethanolic extracts from the spring leaves (20.3 to 37.2 mg/g), fresh fruits (6.1–19.7 mg/g), and roots (6.9–10.6 mg/g). In addition to this, the content of TPC and TFC in the fruits is not changed during a storage at room temperature.…”

“…The ethanol extracts from roots and spring and autumn leaves revealed the IC 50 values at concentrations 208, 312, and 299  μ g/mL towards HL-60. In turn, the chloroform extract from the roots (IC 50 2.8  μ g/mL), the ethanol extracts from the roots (134.7  μ g/mL), the spring leaves (199.7  μ g/mL), the fresh fruits (331.2  μ g/mL), and the dried fruits (274.4  μ g/mL) affected Jurkat 45 leukemia cell line [8, 38]. …”

“…The propenyl chain can also improve the efficiency due to the presence of the double C=C bond. In our previous study we reported that the leaves and fruits of Eleutherococcus species have a high antioxidant capability [8, 9, 19]. …”

“…It was reported that, in the Olympic Games, the players of the Old Soviet Union have increased records after administering the E. senticosus roots products [6, 7]. According to Załuski's previous studies, the fruits of that species cultivated in Poland, act as antioxidants, inductors of the apoptosis in Jurkat 45 and HL60 leukemic cell lines, and inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 [8, 9]. …”

“…The dried fruits, consumed as food, are rich in Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In the leaves, flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin) have been identified [8–11]. …”