Bioactive composite hydrogels as 3D mesenchymal stem cell encapsulation environment for bone tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract

Although decellularized bone matrix (DBM) has often been used in scaffold form for osteogenic applications, its use as a stem cell encapsulation matrix adaptable to surgical shaping procedures has been neglected. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing solubilized DBM and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp)-incorporated DBM hydrogels as encapsulation matrix for bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). First, DBM and DBM/nHAp hydrogels were assessed by physical, chemical, turbidimetric, thermal, and mechanical methods; then, in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro hemocompatibility were investigated. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the osteogenic properties of hydrogels alone or with BM-MSCs encapsulated in them.The findings revealed that hydrogels retained high levels of collagen and glycosaminoglycans after successful decellularization. They were found to be cytocompatible and hemocompatible in vitro, and were able to gel with sufficient mechanical stability at physiological temperature. BM-MSCs survived in culture for at least 2 weeks as metabolically active when encapsulated in both DBM and DBM/nHAp. Preliminary in vivo study showed that DBM-nHAp has higher osteogenicity than DBM. Moreover, BM-MSC encapsulated DMB/nHAp showed predominant bone-like tissue formation at 30 days in the rat ectopic site compared to its cell-free form.

Magnetic biocomposite scaffold based on decellularized tendon ECM and MNP-deposited halloysite nanotubes: physicochemical, thermal, rheological, mechanical and in vitro biological evaluations

“…The TGA curves of the tested samples and the percent mass losses depending on temperature are presented in figure 6(b). In thermograms of hydrogels, two-or three-stage mass losses usually occur due to the loss of water molecules in their structure, fragmentation of the material and the combustion of organic components [75]. The TGA data of the dECM structure is compatible with the literature.…”

Decellularized Bone Matrix/45S5 Bioactive Glass Biocomposite Hydrogel‐Based Constructs with Angiogenic and Osteogenic Properties: Ex Ovo and Ex Vivo Evaluations

“…Finally, the obtained cancellous bone tissues were subjected to demineralization and decellularization processes as previously reported. [12] For the demineralization process, cancellous bone tissues were kept in 0.5 N HCl solution (25 mL of solution per gram cancellous bone tissue) for one day under constant stirring at room temperature. Serial distilled water washings were applied to remove the acid residue.…”

“…The focus so far has been on the biomaterials that allow dynamic remodeling of both mineralized bone and neovascular networks during the healing process. [10][11][12] Among the proangiogenic molecules, ions have recently been considered as a potent element that can be incorporated into biomaterials and then released at therapeutic doses. [10,13,14] Silicatebased biomaterials have been reported to induce neovascularization and accelerate bone regeneration via the VEGF signaling pathway.…”

“…[27,28] However, their poor mechanical stability and low compressive strength, especially in comparison to load-bearing tissues such as bone, do require additional improvements to meet the mechanical requirements in tissues. [12,29] By incorporating bioactive glass into the DBM hydrogel, it may be possible to improve the mechanical properties of the composite and also positively affect the bone regeneration properties. [17] This way, not only hypoxic conditions can be created in composite hydrogels by the release of ions from the BG surface, but also osteoprogenitor cells can be stimulated by the formation of HAp leading to ECM deposition, in other words, "angiogenic-osteogenic coupling" can be achieved.…”

High-strength and high-toughness ECM films with the potential for peripheral nerve repair

“…In the last few decades, hydrogel have emerged as the most popular scaffolds to reconstitute artificial 3D environments that impart biochemical and biophysical cues to regulate cell fate and functions [29,30]. While the weak mechanical properties of extracellular matrix hydrogels limit the utilization of extracellular matrix scaffolds in many applications.…”