Bioactive activities and chemical profile characterization using paper spray mass spectrometry of extracts of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. leaves

Abstract

Rationale The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a fruit tree that has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases. The loquat leaf extracts contain several bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and identification of these substances using quick and simple methods has been an analytical trend. Methods The influence of dehydration of loquat leaves (without drying, at 40°C, and at 60°C), the type of solvent (ethanol and methanol), and the method of extraction (shaking and ultrasound) on obtaining extracts containing phenolic compounds and substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was evaluated. The chemical constituents of an extract were identified using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS). Results The extract obtained from the dehydrated leaves at 40°C presented the best results. The extracts obtained from these leaves and with ethanol had the highest values of total phenolics and antioxidant activities, but the methanolic extract subjected to ultrasound had the highest levels of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids. All extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Using the PS‐MS technique, it was possible to identify the presence of 49 substances such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sugars, quinones, and terpenes. Conclusions In general, extracts of dehydrated leaves at 40°C and extracted with ethanol using ultrasound can be considered a good source of bioactive compounds with potential applications as functional ingredients or additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PS‐MS was demonstrated to be a simple and ultrafast technique to obtain the chemical profile of the loquat leaf extract.

Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry on the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Rhynchelytrum repens: A Tropical Grass with Hypoglycemic Activity

“…As such, another aspect of our research was to verify the presence of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, since these compounds are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activity [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Other bioactive properties include modulation of vascular homeostasis, as well as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and anticancer effects [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Phytochemicals of Avocado Residues as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors, Antioxidants, and Neuroprotective Agents

“…Paper spray mass spectrometry (PSMS) was applied to identify the natural products present in the ethanol extracts. This quick and efficient technique for chemical profile determination is commonly used in the clinic and in forensic research to identify specific ions through direct sample analysis [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. This study showed no difference in the chemical profile of peel and seed samples.…”

“…Analyses were performed in triplicate in positive and negative ionization modes. For PSMS analyses, a 2 µL sample volume and 40 µL of methanol were added to a triangular chromatographic paper (equilateral, 1.5 cm lengthwise) positioned 10 mm away from the mass spectrometer inlet [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. A high voltage was then applied to the paper held by a copper clamp and attached to a three-dimensional moving platform for data acquisition.…”

Ethanol Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Seeds, Leaves, and Fruits Have Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Rats

“…[6][7][8] The list of phenolic compounds and triterpenes in loquat parts is extensive and includes hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, methyl-chlorogenic acid, feruloylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acids as well as 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-o-rhamnoside, oleanolic acids, d-oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, hydroxyursolic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and catechin. 1,9,10 Owing to the antioxidant potential of bioactive compounds of loquat, 10,11 and the suggestion of their use as an alternative treatment for obesity, 12 we hypothesized that the use of E. japonica seeds, leaves, and fruits extract is beneficial in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia. To the best of our knowledge, no thorough examination has explored this potential.…”