Bioaccumulation of lipophilic compounds from sediments by oligochaetes

Markwell, Ross D.; Connell, Des; Gabric, Albert Jerome

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90085-7

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, the parabolic nature of sediment-based BAF was observed vs. log K ow that had its maximum at log K ow of 5. Markwell et al (1989) applied a three-compartment model that assumed equilibrium among 15 lipophilic chlorinated organics, with benthic fauna and interstitial water. In this study, concentrations of these xenobiotics in interstitial water were in equilibrium with sediment.…”

Section: Bioaccumulation Of Pesticides and Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Bioaccumulation Of Pesticides and Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986,b, Baughman & Perenich 1988, Markwell et al 1989, Just et al 1990, De la Torre et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Hamer et al 1999, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Chu & Chan 2000, Berglund et al 2001, Nipper et al 2002, Skrabal & Terry 2002, Williamson et al 2002 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The 3-phase Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocols for its application specify 3 locations for pollutants -sediments, water and lipids (i.e. living organisms) (Hawker & Connell 1986, Markwell et al 1989, De la Torre et al 1995, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Nipper et al 2002, Williamson et al 2002. Although it was not originally intended for such, the 3-phase model has been extended to studies of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems (e.g.…”

Section: The 3-phase Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corollary is that only pollutant solutes are available for uptake by living organisms (e.g. Chiou et al 1982, Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986,b, Connell 1988, 1990, Markwell et al 1989, Di Toro et al 1990, Just et al 1990, Stenerson 1992, De la Torre et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Skoglund et al 1996, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Carbonell et al 2000, Chu & Chan 2000, Nipper et al 2002, Williamson et al 2002, Fent 2003. This assumption ignores an inherent primary function of the bilayer of the biological membrane -that it is an impermeable barrier which isolates any living unit (organelle, cell or living organism) from its external environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

Quinnell¹,

Hulsman²,

Davie³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The conceptual model on which chemical assessment of pollutants is based is flawed. The assumption in ecotoxicology -that pollutants cross the biological membrane only by passive diffusion of their solute phase (diffusion model) and thus, that only water-soluble pollutants are biologically available -is inconsistent with the biologists' understanding of the role and functioning of the biological membrane. The biological membrane both isolates organisms, cells and organelles from their external environments and regulates cross-membrane trafficking of polar and non-polar substances. Trafficking regulation is a function of proteins dissolved within the membrane. An alternative protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination is proposed that provides a credible explanation of how solid-phase pollutants, such as those bound to aquatic sediments and soils, may be readily incorporated by living organisms. Current chemical testing is likely to underestimate the risk posed to organisms by sediment and soil-bound pollutants. New techniques for assessing the bioavailability and impacts of pollutants, based on the protein model, are urgently needed.

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“…Tubifex (Markwell et al 1989;Kraaij et al 2002) and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Millward et al 2001) but one of the most frequently used organisms is Lumbriculus variegatus (e.g. Fisk et al 1998;Hirsch, 1998;Mount et al 1999;Lyytikainen et al 2007).…”

Section: Test Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and comparison of available testing approaches and protocols for testing effects of chemicals on sediment‐dwelling organisms with potential applicability to pesticides

Sheahan

Fisher

2012

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Risk assessment of pesticides aims to ensure they cause no harm to humans, domestic animals or the environment. This report reviews the current position of sediment toxicity testing with potential applicability to pesticide assessment. A literature search identified relevant literature on protocols to test the effects of chemicals and in particular pesticides upon sediment dwelling freshwater and marine organisms. An assessment was made of scientific literature, previous reviews and reports from Government and industry websites. Information was obtained for oligochaete and polychaete worms, crustacea, the branchipoda (which includes Daphnia magna), copepoda, ostracoda amphipoda and isopoda, insects, molluscs and the group including sea urchins. A brief note is given on the ecology of each its tolerance of sediment type, test methods and endpoints. The report considers factors such as sediment quality and feeding of test organisms that may affect the chemical availability, quality of test water and the final interpretation of the tests. The statistical analysis of test data is also considered including the preferred use by some authors of regression based techniques with derivation of predicted low percentage effects e.g. 10% considered as nominal 'no observed effect concentrations' for use in risk assessment. It is recommended that studies should make use of all data availble in time-based assessments and that biologically/ecologically relevant endpoints should be used. Existing freshwater sediment tests recommend use of Chironomid species, oligochaetes and crustacea to cover relevant uptake and exposure routes. Existing marine tests that are ready for adoption for pesticide testing include those for several polychaete, amphipod and copepod species that allow assessment of reproduction and for some, full life-cycle tests. Bivalve mollusc species are used mostly for studies of contaminant bioaccumulation from sediments but studies with marine gastropod molluscs offer potential for a first tier of chemical assessment that includes reproduction. KEY WORDSSediment toxicity tests, freshwater organisms, marine organisms, pesticide, oligochaetes, crustaceans, insects DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Testing approaches and protocols for chemicals on sediment-dwellers Supporting publications 2012:EN-337 2The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified ab...

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Bioaccumulation of lipophilic compounds from sediments by oligochaetes

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

Review and comparison of available testing approaches and protocols for testing effects of chemicals on sediment‐dwelling organisms with potential applicability to pesticides

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