Bioaccumulation of CuO nanomaterials in rainbow trout: Influence of exposure route and particle shape

The effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on antioxidant capacity and response to oxidative stress in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters 1852)

“…The accumulation of the IONPs in the gill, liver, and brain tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus determined in our study underscores their ability to easily enter the organism, accumulate in vital organs, and potentially alter their functions ( 38 , 39 ). As reported by Ates et al ( 40 ), who studied chronic exposure of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) to IONPs, the uptake, assimilation, and immunotoxic effect much depend on the morphological properties of IONPs.…”

Practical considerations to optimize aquatic testing of particulate material, with focus on nanomaterials

“…The coauthors of this manuscript consist of members of an ECETOC Expert Group S2 †) but others may be relevant; properties of particle itself considered and not surrounding media. 25,97,100,122,[126][127][128][129][130] Environmental Science: Nano Perspective Open Access Article. Published on 26 April 2024.…”

“…Since there are several options for dosing the feed in the OECD TG 305, 95 e.g., either by directly mixing particles into the feed or by mixing a stock solution with the feed, a standardised approach would be beneficial, since the method of dosing can impact on dissolution, aggregation, and other physical-chemical properties. 99,100 Bioaccumulation testing in fish of all the various PMs (with varying shapes, size, chemistries, functions) that are placed on the market would lead to an impractical workload, not to mention the number of fish that would need to be used for the testing. Before testing is considered, relevant grouping and read-across strategies should be evaluated to minimise the need to test each PM individually, extensive guidance on this is provided by the EU Horizon 2020 funded Gracious project (https://www.h2020gracious.eu).…”

“…, either by directly mixing particles into the feed or by mixing a stock solution with the feed, a standardised approach would be beneficial, since the method of dosing can impact on dissolution, aggregation, and other physical–chemical properties. 99,100…”

“…Footnotes to figure: regarding bioaccumulation testing and in line with ECHA guidance: unless dissolution occurs, only dietary exposure route is relevant. Therefore, unless explicitly stated, the recommendations are based on a dietary exposure route; Standard OECD and ISO test guidelines are considered (TableS2†) but others may be relevant; properties of particle itself considered and not surrounding media 25,97,100,122,[126][127][128][129][130].…”