Bioaccumulation and depuration of enteroviruses by the soft-shelled clam, Mya arenaria

Metcalf, Theodore G.; Mullin, Barbara; Eckerson, D; Moulton, Ellen; Larkin, Edward P.

doi:10.1128/aem.38.2.275-282.1979

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Filter feeding bivalve molluscs (mussels, oysters, clams) do not permit enterovirus replication, but are known to concentrate these viruses from surrounding water and to harbor viruses for a long period [Metcalf and Stiles, 1965;Metcalf et al, 1979;Tierney et al, uptake of HAV. Elimination of HAV already present in mussels was also slower at low filtration activity: HAV could still be detected in mussels after 11 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus in mussels

Enríquez

Frösner

Hochstein‐Mintzel

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Virology

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Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the mussel Mytilus chilensis was evaluated. Under optimal filtration activity of mussels (temperature 12 degrees C, salinity 3%, feeding twice a day with Dunaliella marina), HAV was concentrated 100-fold from the surrounding water. Similar concentrations of HAV were reached in the filtration apparatus and in the digestive system (hepatopancreas). HAV persisted for about 7 days in mussels. Elimination of HAV from mussels was slower than elimination of poliovirus. Without feeding of mussels (causing low filtration activity), there was no measurable uptake of HAV into mussels, and depuration of HAV from mussels was slower. The ability of mussels to concentrate HAV was used successfully to monitor fecally contaminated river water for the presence of HAV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus in mussels

Enríquez

Frösner

Hochstein‐Mintzel

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Shellfish are filter-feeding animals and may concentrate the pathogens in the surrounding water (Metcalf, Mullin, Eckerson, Moulton, & Larkin, 1979;Rippey, 1994). Thus, shellfish have already been implicated in the spread of various pathogenic viruses (Gomez et al, 2008b;Kim et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of betanodavirus barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus as well as red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype in shellfish

Kim

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Using two serially executed PCRs, the discriminative multiplex two-step RT-PCR (DMT-2 RT-PCR) following the detection seminested two-step RT-PCR (DSN-2 RT-PCR), we found a high frequency presence of BFNNV genotype as well as RGNNV in various domestic and imported shellfish. This was definitely different from the previous reports of outbreaks and asymptomatic infection only by the RGNNV genotype in cultured finfish in Korea. Cultivation of NNV entrapped in shellfish was performed successfully by a blind passage. Thus, in an attempt to elucidate the epidemiology of betanodavirus, experiments conducted on 969 shellfish samples concluded that (i) distribution of NNV genotype, especially BFNNV, in shellfish is clearly different from that found in finfish of the world; (ii) unlike RGNNV, which showed a high rate in summer, BFNNV showed no seasonal variation and this result suggests BFNNVs in the marine environment remain fairly constant throughout the year; and (iii) the entrapped virus in shellfish was alive and culturable in vitro. These results are the first report of high level prevalence of in vitro culturable NNV in shellfish, for both BFNNV and RGNNV, which may present a potential risk in transmitting nodaviruses to host species in a marine environment.

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“…T. G. Metcalf, then at the University of New Hampshire, pioneered laboratory studies on the association of enteric viruses with oysters (Metcalf and Stiles 1965). He made several further contributions to environmental and shellfish virology there and after his move to the Baylor College of Medicine (Atmar et al 1995(Atmar et al , 1996Stiles 1967, 1968;Metcalf et al 1979Metcalf et al , 1980aMetcalf et al , b, 1995.…”

Section: Food Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Days of Food and Environmental Virology

Cliver

2010

Food Environ Virol

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In July 1962, the author joined the Food Research Institute (FRI), then at the University of Chicago, to become its food virologist. There was a limited record of waterborne viral disease outbreaks at the time; recorded data on foodborne outbreaks were fewer still. Laboratory environmental (water and wastewater) virology was in its infancy, and food virology was in gestation. Detection of viruses was most often attempted by inoculation of primary primate cell cultures, with observation for plaque formation or cytopathic effects. Focus was initially on enteroviruses and reoviruses. Environmental and food samples had to be liquefied if not already in liquid form; clarified to remove solids, bacteria, and fungi; and concentrated to a volume that could be tested in cell culture. Cytotoxicity was also a concern. Studies at the FRI and some other laboratories addressed all of these challenges. The FRI group was the World Health Organization’s Collaborating Center for Food Virology for many years. Other topics studied were virus inactivation as functions of temperature, time, matrix, disinfectants, and microbial action; peroral and ex-vivo infectivity; and the suitability of various virus surrogates for environmental monitoring and inactivation experiments. Detection of noroviruses and hepatitis A virus required molecular methods, most often RT-PCR. When it was found that inactivated virus often gave the same RT-PCR signal as that of infectious virus, sample treatments were sought, which would prevent false-positive test results. Many laboratories around the world have taken up food and environmental virology since 1962, with the result that a dedicated journal has been launched.

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Bioaccumulation and depuration of enteroviruses by the soft-shelled clam, Mya arenaria

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus in mussels

Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus in mussels

High prevalence of betanodavirus barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus as well as red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype in shellfish

Early Days of Food and Environmental Virology

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