Bio-Waste Products of Mangifera indica L. Reduce Adipogenesis and Exert Antioxidant Effects on 3T3-L1 Cells

Abstract

Several studies highlighted the beneficial value of natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of extracts of peel and seed of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivated in Sicily (Italy) in 3T3-L1 cells. Mango Peel (MPE) and Mango Seed (MSE) extracts at a 100 µg/mL concentration significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triacylglycerol contents during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without toxicity. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed that both the extracts contain some polyphenolic compounds that can account for the observed biological effects. The anti-adipogenic effect of MPE and MSE was the result of down-regulation of the key adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ and its downstream targets FABP4/aP2, GLUT4 and Adipsin, as well SREBP-1c, a transcription factor which promotes lipogenesis. In addition, both MPE and MSE significantly activated AMPK with the consequent inhibition of Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) and up-regulated PPARα. The addition of compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, reduced the effects of MPE and MSE on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, suggesting a role of AMPK in mediating MPE and MSE anti-lipogenic effects. Notably, MPE and MSE possess an elevated radical scavenging activity, as demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, and reduced ROS content produced during adipocyte differentiation. This last effect could be a consequence of the increase in the antioxidant factors Nrf2, MnSOD and HO-1. In conclusion, MPE and MSE possesses both anti-adipogenic and antioxidant potential, thus suggesting that the bio-waste products of mango are promising anti-obesity natural compounds.

Hypertrophy and ER Stress Induced by Palmitate Are Counteracted by Mango Peel and Seed Extracts in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…The present study aimed at investigating whether peel and seed extracts of mango were capable of reducing lipotoxicity exerted by high doses of PA on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The compositions of both MPE and MSE have been previously characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis [ 35 , 43 ]. Data showed that both the extracts are rich in polyphenols with antioxidant properties [ 35 , 43 ].…”

“…The edible part of mango is only the pulp. However, it has been reported that mango peel and seed, which are the main bio-wastes of mango processing, contain high levels of bioactive compounds [ 42 , 43 ]. We previously demonstrated that extracts of mango peel and seed cultivated in Sicily exert anti-adipogenic effects by reducing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes.…”

“…We previously demonstrated that extracts of mango peel and seed cultivated in Sicily exert anti-adipogenic effects by reducing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes. These effects results from the down-regulation of adipogenic factors such as PPARγ and SREBP as well as the activation of AMPK [ 43 ].…”

Curcumin and Andrographolide Co-Administration Safely Prevent Steatosis Induction and ROS Production in HepG2 Cell Line

“…The pictures were obtained using a Leica DM-IRB microscope and images were acquired at the magnification of 400×. The percentage of the positive area/field at ORO staining was quantified using ImageJ as indicated, as described by Pratelli et al [ 43 ]. To quantify the level of Oil Red O content, 100% isopropanol was added to each well before shaking at room temperature for 5 min, and the isopropanol-extracted sample was then measured at 490 nm with a microplate reader (OPSYS MR, Dynex Technologies, Chantilly, VA, USA).…”

Natural and Synthetic Compounds for Management, Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

“…The fruits, leaves, and roots of several plants contain bioactive compounds capable of exerting anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Recently, most of these compounds have also been shown to exert anti-obesity effects [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”