Bio-remediation of colored industrial wastewaters by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus and their enzymes

Abstract

The effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus whole cells and their ligninolytic enzymes on models of colored industrial wastewaters was evaluated. Models of acid, direct and reactive dye wastewaters from textile industry have been defined on the basis of discharged amounts, economic relevance and representativeness of chemical structures of the contained dyes. Phanerochaete chrysosporium provided an effective decolourization of direct dye wastewater model, reaching about 45% decolourization in only 1 day of treatment, and about 90% decolourization within 7 days, whilst P. ostreatus was able to decolorize and detoxify acid dye wastewater model providing 40% decolourization in only 1 day, and 60% in 7 days. P. ostreatus growth conditions that induce laccase production (up to 130,000 U/l) were identified, and extra-cellular enzyme mixtures, with known laccase isoenzyme composition, were produced and used in wastewater models decolourization. The mixtures decolorized and detoxified the acid dye wastewater model, suggesting laccases as the main agents of wastewater decolourization by P. ostreatus. A laccase mixture was immobilized by entrapment in Cu-alginate beads, and the immobilized enzymes were shown to be effective in batch decolourization, even after 15 stepwise additions of dye for a total exposure of about 1 month.

Decolorization of Industrial Dyes by Immobilized Mycelia ofTrametes Versicolor

“…the main focus of these studies is the ability of fungi to remove synthetic dyes in industrial wastewater by enzymatic biodegradation or mineralization (4,19,21,23,24,28,29,33,34 (8,18) so there is increased interest in the application of immobilized filamentous fungi in different processes of biodegradation of pollutants. Researchers have focused on the immobilization of basidiomycetes, which are known as efficient producers of laccase and peroxidase (1,7,9,10,26) in order to develop effective systems for detoxification and decolorization of wastewater.…”

Fungal Decolourization and Degradation of Synthetic Dyes Some Chemical Engineering Aspects

“…It was established that Phanerochaete chrysosporium is capable of biodegrading various pollutants and it soon became a model white-rot fungus with most of the research done up to now. The enzymes produced with this fungus are lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidise (MnP) (Podgornik et al, 2001;Faraco et al, 2009). In the next decade, a few new species of white-rot fungi like Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolour (Heinfling et al, 1997;Sukumar et al, 2009;Pazarlioglu et al, 2010) were characterized for the dye degradation.…”

“…A more intense research with Irpex lacteus (Novotny et al, 2009) and Bjerkandera adusta Eichlerova et al, 2007) started in the last decade, while the interest in the decolourization capability of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Babič & Pavko, 2007;Tanaka et al, 2009) and Dichomites squalens (Eichlerova et al, 2006;Pavko & Novotny, 2008) has increased in the last few years. Eichlerova et al, 2007Babič & Pavko, 2007Tanaka et al, 2009Eichlerova et al, 2006Pavko & Novotny, 2008Novotny, 2009Podgornik et al, 2001Faraco et al, 2009Heinfling et al,1997Sukumar et al, 2009;Pazarlioglu et al, 2010Heinfling et al,1997Sukumar et al, 2009;Pazarlioglu et al, 2010 Table 3. Some white-rot fungi used in biodegradation/decolourization studies and their most commonly expressed enzyme activities Some white-rot fungi used in the biodegradation/decolourization studies and their most commonly expressed enzyme activities are presented in Table 3.…”

Reuse of degraded Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. substrate by supplementation with wheat bran. Quantitative parameters

“…The mushroom growing sector in Spain generates about 5 × 10 5 t of spent compost, while the EU, as a whole, produces more than 3.5 × 10 6 t (Pardo et al 2009; Picornell et al 2010). This lignocellulosic material called mushroom spent substrate, can be used in various fields of agriculture (animal feed (Zadražil 1980), amendments (Tajbakhsh et al 2008), substrates of nurseries, nurseries, (Medina et al 2009)), bioremediation (Faraco et al 2009), aquaculture, vermiculture, and biofuel (Pathak et al 2009), but these uses are not enough to take advantage of the high volume generated annually, which accumulates in collection centres located in production areas of Spain. These spent substrates are potential contaminants, not to mention, a waste of energy.…”