Bio-prospecting of cuttle fish waste and cow dung for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus cereus IND5 in solid state fermentation

Abstract

The process parameters governing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme in solid state fermentation employing Bacillus cereus IND5 and using cuttle fish waste and cow dung substrate were optimized. The pH value of the medium, moisture content, sucrose, casein and magnesium sulfate were considered for two-level full factorial design and pH, casein and magnesium sulfate were identified as the important factors for fibrinolytic enzyme production. Central composite design was applied to investigate the interactive effect among variables (pH, casein and magnesium sulfate) and response surface plots were created to find the pinnacle of process response. The optimized levels of factors were pH 7.8, 1.1% casein and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. Enzyme production was increased 2.5-fold after statistical approach. The enzyme was purified up to a specific activity of 364.5 U/g proteins and its molecular weight was 47 kDa. It was stable at pH 8.0 and was highly active at 50 °C. The mixture of cuttle fish waste and cow dung could find great application as solid substrate for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme.

In vitro fibrinolytic activity of an enzyme purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KJ10 isolated from soybean paste

“…The fibrinolytic enzymes namely, streptokinase (EC 3.2.1.35), urokinase and tissue t-PA have been applied as the fibrinolytic agents ( Mukhametova et al, 2002 ). These fibrinolytic enzymes are highly expensive, and cause various ill effects including, gastrointestinal bleeding ( Blann et al, 2002 , Biji et al, 2016 ). The efficacy and safety of fibrinolytic enzyme from microbial origin, especially from the genus Bacillus attracted more attention in recent years.…”

Role of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Anti-Thrombosis Therapy

“…Fermented soybeans have been consumed as traditional foods in many Asian countries, and indeed, they are sources of nattokinase and other fibrinolytic enzymes. These includes natto, a Japanese traditional fermented soybean obtained from fermentation with Bacillus subtilis G8 and Bacillus subtilis (Chang et al, 2012;Lucy et al, 2019), moromi, oncom and gambus (Indonesian traditional fermented soybean obtained from fermentation with Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus pumilus, and Stenotrophomonas sp, respectively) (Afifah et al, 2014;Nailufar et al, 2016;Stephani et al, 2017;Syahbanu et al, 2020) as well as douchi and doufuru (Chinese traditional fermented soybean obtained from fermentation with Bacillus (Ok and Choi, 2005;Wang et al, 2006;Jo et al, 2011;Wei et al, 2011;Yuan et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Heo et al, 2013;Park et al, 2013;Gad et al, 2014;Thokchom and Joshi, 2014;Bi et al, 2015;Huy et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016;Nailufar et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2019;Ito, 2020;Syahbanu et al, 2020 (Shirasaka et al, 2012;Biji et al, 2016;Vijayaraghavan et al, 2016a;Vijayaraghavan et al, 2016b;Vijayaraghavan et al, 2019), seafood fermented with Bacillus sp, Bacillus. velezensis BS2, Bacillus pumilus BS15 and Bacillus coagulans (Anh et al, 2015;Prihanto and Firdaus, 2019;Yao et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2020) and liquors obtained from fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus-Genus (Lapsongphon et al, 2013;Johnson e...…”

Thrombolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin: A Review

“…There is a constant search for novel and safer fibrinolytic enzymes all over the world owing to the short life cycle and allergic reactions caused by the tPA and certain fibrinolytic agents [ 201 ]. The microbial fibrinolytic enzymes are quite economical, and have been studied in insects [ 202 ], marine organisms [ 203 ], and fermented foods [ 187 , 204 ].…”

“…Agro-industrial waste, fishery waste, and wastewater can be used for the production of fibrinolytic enzymes. A wide variety of agro-wastes, such as groundnut husk [ 205 ], green gram husk [ 206 ], copra waste [ 207 ], deproteinized acid cheese whey and wheat bran [ 208 ], and cake of Jatropha curcas seed [ 201 ] have been effectively used for the production of enzymes. The solid substrate provides essential nutrients for both the growth of microbes and the production of enzymes.…”