Bio-organoclays Based on Phospholipids as Immobilization Hosts for Biological Species

Abstract

A new type of hybrid biomaterials based on the clay minerals montmorillonite and sepiolite as well as phosphatidylcholine, acting as environment-friendly biomodifier, was prepared. The biohybrids were characterized by sampling of adsorption isotherms in different organic solvents. The results suggest bilayer formation both on the external sepiolite surface as well as in the intracrystalline space of the montmorillonite. The obtained supported lipid membranes were further investigated by X-ray diffraction, multinuclear solid state NMR, Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. From these results an adsorption model based on electrostatic interaction between the polar phospholipid headgroups and the silicate surface could be postulated. The versatility of bio-organoclays as immobilization host for biological species was demonstrated in a mycotoxin retention study.

Hybrid and biohybrid silicate based materials: molecular vs. block-assembling bottom–up processes

“…sepiolite) the molecules are adsorbed on the external surface with interactions between the zwitterionic headgroup and the silanol groups. 45 The resulting materials can be considered as bio-inorganic composites with either mono-or bi-layer phospholipid species arranged on the silicate core particles, acting as agents for micotoxin sequestration, as recently reported by Wicklein and co-workers. 45,168 3.3 Polysaccharide-based silica and silicate biohybrids Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures formed of repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds and represent some of the most widespread natural polymers on Earth (starch, cellulose, chitin).…”

“…45 The resulting materials can be considered as bio-inorganic composites with either mono-or bi-layer phospholipid species arranged on the silicate core particles, acting as agents for micotoxin sequestration, as recently reported by Wicklein and co-workers. 45,168 3.3 Polysaccharide-based silica and silicate biohybrids Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures formed of repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds and represent some of the most widespread natural polymers on Earth (starch, cellulose, chitin). Their use in the development of nanostructured hybrid materials, mainly in the so-called bionanocomposites, is experiencing a remarkable growth in recent years since natural polysaccharides are envisaged as promising substitutes of non-degradable polymers due to their properties of biodegradability, biocompatibility, low cost and availability.…”

“…41 The surfactant in the interlayer space can be regarded as an aggregate, since phase transition of the dioctadecyldimethylammonium ion intercalated in smectites has been reported and the phase transition between the gel and liquid-crystalline phases affected the diffusion and reaction of solute molecules. 43,44 However, new tendencies in organoclays preparation focus on the use of non-toxic modifiers of biological origin such as lecithin based tensioactives 45 or diverse biopolymers 46 instead of the conventional surfactant quaternary ammonium based agents because their ''bio-friendly'' character may enlarge their applications to the food, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. 41 Some examples of these materials are discussed in sections below.…”

Advancing the Pharmaceutical Potential of Bioinorganic Hybrid Lipid‐Based Assemblies

“…However, many of them still suffer from poor biocompatibility and biodegradability. To this end, a family of artificial lipid‐based assemblies that integrate with inorganic building units, namely, bioinorganic hybrid lipid‐based assembles (BIHLAs) ( Figures 1 a and 3a) such as cerasomes (ceramic hybrid liposome),20, 21 bioinorganic hybrid bicelles (BIHBs),22, 23 metallosomes,24 and clay–lipid biohybrid materials,25 which have progressively been recognized as novel theranostic nanostructures that integrate the advantages of both organic and inorganic nanomaterials but overcome their shortcomings. These novel nanostructures with desired functions can be considered as harmonized results of nanoarchitectonics strategy,26 a universal methodology that includes regulated atomic/molecular control, chemical modification, controlled physicochemical interactions, self‐assembly and self‐organization, as well as structural regulation of physical stimuli 27…”

Plane-interface-induced lignin-based nanosheets and its reinforcing effect on styrene-butadiene rubber

“…Montmorillonite, a naturally occurring layered clay, consists of stacks of platelets obtained by combining two tetrahedral silica layers with Mg or Al to form an octahedral metal oxide structure [21]. Each platelet (about 0.96 nm thick) is separated from the next by interlayer cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ …), which can be easily replaced by other organic cations, thereby providing an essential way to introduce different functional groups so that design materials with required structure and performance [22][23][24][25][26]. Generally, MMT is used as a reinforcing filler to promote the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of polymer, which essentially depend on the degree of interaction or exfoliation of MMT within polymer matrix [27,28].…”