Bio-oil production via catalytic solvolysis of biomass

Rachel-Tang, Duo Yao; Islam, Aminul; Taufiq‐Yap, Yun Hin

doi:10.1039/c6ra27824h

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Figure 2 c shows the influence of liquefaction temperature and time on the liquefaction yield of CS. It can be seen that the high temperature had a positive effect on the liquefaction yield, revealing the thermal domination in the liquefaction reaction [ 13 ]. When the temperature was ≤140 °C, the glycosidic linkages in the CS decomposed into smaller soluble fragments with the reaction of dehydration and decarbonylation under the catalysis of sulfuric acid [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the high temperature (250–400 °C) and high pressure (5–40 MPa) are usually required for the solvent to reach a supercritical state during the direct liquefaction process [ 11 ], which would limit its application in the practical production [ 12 ]. Compared to direct liquefaction, solvolysis liquefaction, with the merits of low reaction pressure (1 atm) and temperature (100–200 °C), is a more preferable method, which can convert lignocellulosic biomass into valuable intermediates under relatively mild reaction conditions [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Moreover, the selection of solvents for the solvolysis liquefaction is very important to prevent liquefied products from cross-linking and repolymerizing [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Degradation and Repolymerization Analysis on Solvolysis Liquefaction of Corn Stalk

et al. 2020

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One of the most effective and renewable utilization methods for lignocellulosic feedstocks is the transformation from solid materials to liquid products. In this work, corn stalk (CS) was liquified with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and glycerol as the liquefaction solvents, and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The liquefaction conditions were optimized with the liquefaction yield of 95.39% at the reaction conditions of 150 °C and 120 min. The properties of CS and liquefaction residues (LRs) were characterized using ATR–FTIR, TG, elemental analysis and SEM. The chemical components of liquefied product (LP) were also characterized by GC–MS. The results indicated that the depolymerization and repolymerization reaction took place simultaneously in the liquefaction process. The depolymerization of CS mainly occurred at the temperature of <150 °C, and the repolymerization of biomass derivatives dominated at a higher temperature of 170 °C by the lignin derivatives repolymerization with cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose derivatives and PEG400 and self-condensation of lignin derivatives. The solvolysis liquefaction of CS could be classified into the mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction attacked by the hydrogen cation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Degradation and Repolymerization Analysis on Solvolysis Liquefaction of Corn Stalk

et al. 2020

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“…Major References Method of bio-oil conversion [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Chemical compound analysis [42][43][44][45] Optimization of process design and parameters [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Upgrading of bio-oil [57,58] Energy and environment [30,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] 2. Conversion of Oil Palm EFB to Bio-Oil: Principles and Processes…”

Section: Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 The first category comprises papers on the methodology of biomass conversion into bio-oil [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. It covers the pyrolysis and liquefaction process in producing bio-oil.…”

Section: Oil Palm Efb Characterization and Compound Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biofuels from Oil Palm Empty Bunch (EFB): Current Status, Potential, Barriers and Way Forward

2021

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Biomass is an important renewable energy resource which primarily contributes to heating and cooling end use sectors. It is also a promising alternative source of biofuels to replace the depleting supply of fossil fuels. Surprisingly, few writers have been able to draw on the feedstock significance for oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as the biomass resource for biofuels compared to the other types of biomass waste. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of EFB as a biomass resource presented in four major parts. First, the introduction covers the demand for bio-oil and describes the different kinds of feedstock, the relevance and potential of EFB biomass. Second, the characteristics of biomass are explained before it is upgraded as biofuel, drawing similarities and contrasts between EFB and other sources of biomass. Pyrolysis processes and reactors used for EFB conversion are described, and the factors affecting the bio-oil yield and quality are discussed. Major reactor parameters are summarized and reactor optimization is discussed. Third, comparison on the properties of the bio-oil vs. petroleum in transportation, power generation, and heating are compared followed by prioritizing the bio-oil properties from the most to least critical, revealing the most promising methods for upgrading. Fourth, the environmental impact, including CO2 emission, of the use of EFB as a promising renewable energy resource and a cleaner alternative fuel is recommended. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches into biofuels, including the similarities and differences between biomasses, the best reactors, its comparison with fossil fuels, and bio-oil upgrading methods. The upgrading mapping matrix is created to present the best upgrading strategies for the optimum quality of biofuels. This paper serves as a one-stop center for EFB conversion into biofuels.

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“…[25] and some other researchers [26,27] also found the temperature is an efficient parameter for both the experiments with and without a catalyst for the hydrothermal-fluidization process. Duo and Aminul et al [28] have found that HT bio-oil yield can be increased at lower temperatures by using oil palm fronds as raw material and ZnO/ZSM-5 as a catalyst (Figure 2). The authors believe the isomerization reaction of sugar in lignocellulose components occurs at low temperatures, and bio-oil is mainly composed of acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advance in Hydrothermal Bio-Oil Preparation from Lignocellulose: Effect of Raw Materials and Their Tissue Structures

Zhang

Dou

Yang

et al. 2021

Biomass

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The conversion of abundant forest- and agricultural-residue-based lignocellulosic materials into high-quality bio-oil by the mild hydrothermal method has great potential in the field of biomass utilization. Some excellent research on biomass hydrothermal process has been completed, including temperature, time, catalyst addition, etc. Meanwhile, some research related to the biomass raw material tissue structure has been illustrated by adopting mode components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, lipid, etc.) or their mixtures. The interesting fact is that although some real lignocellulose has approximate composition, their hydrothermal products and distributions show individual differences, which means the interaction within biomass raw material components tremendously affected the reaction pathway. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is no review article with a specific focus on the effects of raw materials and their tissue structure on the lignocellulose hydrothermal process. In this review, research progress on the effects of model and mixed cellulose/hemicellulose/lignin effects on hydrothermal products is initially summarized. Additionally, the real lignocellulosic raw materials structure effects during the thermal process are summed up. This article will inspire researchers to focus more attention on wood fiber biomass conversion into liquid fuels or high-value-added chemicals, as well as promote the development of world energy change.

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Bio-oil production via catalytic solvolysis of biomass

Abstract: Recent studies have found that biomass has great potential as a substitute for natural fossil fuels.

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

The Degradation and Repolymerization Analysis on Solvolysis Liquefaction of Corn Stalk

The Degradation and Repolymerization Analysis on Solvolysis Liquefaction of Corn Stalk

A Comprehensive Review on Biofuels from Oil Palm Empty Bunch (EFB): Current Status, Potential, Barriers and Way Forward

Advance in Hydrothermal Bio-Oil Preparation from Lignocellulose: Effect of Raw Materials and Their Tissue Structures

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