Bio-oil production from oleaginous microorganisms using hydrothermal liquefaction: A biorefinery approach

Paul, Tanushree; Sinharoy, Arindam; Baskaran, Divya; Pakshirajan, Kannan; Pugazhenthi, G.; Lens, Piet N.L.

doi:10.1080/10643389.2020.1820803

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Several commercialized processes have been developed but fractionation of the individual components of biomass and extracting the lignin with high purity and quality separately is still a challenge. The literature reports several studies using combined pretreatment methods and extensively explores the mechano‐catalytic fractionation methods that involve the utilization of acids and mechanical forces in a single‐pot system for effective biomass fractionation 74 . The combined pretreatment strategy facilitates the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into water‐soluble oligosaccharides, and phenolic and lignin oligomers.…”

Section: Lignin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These aerogels are highly mesoporous foams with high surface area and low density and they can be used in energy storage or as an acoustic insulator. Also, ~80 wt% lignin can be incorporated for the preparation of phenol‐formaldehyde aerogels and shows strong dependency on porous structure, gelation time and morphology 60,74 …”

Section: Applications Of Incorporation Of Lignin In Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives of biomass based lignin to value added chemicals in biorefineries: challenges, extraction strategies and applications

Tyagi

Sarma

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Lignin transformation has significant potential to produce high-quality platform chemicals and value-added products. Extraction techniques and techniques for processing lignin to lignin-derived dimers and trimers and other phenolic compounds have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community. Exploring the potential of the most abundant sources of bio-aromatics enhances the profitability and efficiency of the biorefinery process and reduces dependence on conventional resources. Successful lignin transformation entails the development of steps to overcome the following challenges: (i) the pretreatment of biomass followed by the separation of lignin to reduce crystallinity, and the reduction of the complex chemistry of biomass to produce lignin with a high degree of purity, and (ii) advances in chemical analysis for precise in situ lignin characterization during depolymerization. To bring about technological advances in the bio-based economy, the utilization of sustainable resources for the production of value-added products is essential. The valorization of lignin via cost-effective and carbon-neutral techniques has provided remarkable opportunities, including opportunities for commercialization. The life cycle analysis of lignin valorization to manufacture value-added products from surplus biomass is central if maximum use is to be made of agroresidues for such purposes.

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Section: Lignin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Incorporation Of Lignin In Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of biomass based lignin to value added chemicals in biorefineries: challenges, extraction strategies and applications

Tyagi

Sarma

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…A mass balance for Spirulina is given in Figure 8. Since biomass is a complex mixture of macromolecules, the reaction chemistry and mechanisms of liquefaction are consequently also complex [6]. One of the major benefits of HTL is the consumption of only 10-15% of the energy in the feedstock, thus giving energy efficiencies in the range of 85-90%.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst it is currently economical to produce algae for food or high value products, there are a number of cost constraints which limit their present use as a fuel feedstock, such as key issues around nutrient supply, harvesting, and dewatering [1,2]. Given the wide range of variation in the chemical composition of algae, the potential exits to generate a diversity of fuel types from them such as bioethanol [3], biohydrogen [4], biomethane [5], bio-oil [6], and biodiesel [7]. All algae share one common feature though, and that is a high water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production

et al. 2021

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A number of technological challenges need to be overcome if algae are to be utilized for commercial fuel production. Current economic assessment is largely based on laboratory scale up or commercial systems geared to the production of high value products, since no industrial scale plant exits that are dedicated to algal biofuel. For macroalgae (‘seaweeds’), the most promising processes are anaerobic digestion for biomethane production and fermentation for bioethanol, the latter with levels exceeding those from sugar cane. Currently, both processes could be enhanced by increasing the rate of degradation of the complex polysaccharide cell walls to generate fermentable sugars using specifically tailored hydrolytic enzymes. For microalgal biofuel production, open raceway ponds are more cost-effective than photobioreactors, with CO2 and harvesting/dewatering costs estimated to be ~50% and up to 15% of total costs, respectively. These costs need to be reduced by an order of magnitude if algal biodiesel is to compete with petroleum. Improved economics could be achieved by using a low-cost water supply supplemented with high glucose and nutrients from food grade industrial wastewater and using more efficient flocculation methods and CO2 from power plants. Solar radiation of not <3000 h·yr−1 favours production sites 30° north or south of the equator and should use marginal land with flat topography near oceans. Possible geographical sites are discussed. In terms of biomass conversion, advances in wet technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, and transesterification for algal biodiesel are presented and how these can be integrated into a biorefinery are discussed.

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“…Oleaginous microorganisms synthesise the majority of the lipids with 4 to 28 unbranched carbon chains, which could be characterised as saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids depending on the nature of the bonds present in the entire length of the hydrocarbon chain [31]. The accumulated lipids are mainly in the form of TAGs, FFAs, polar lipids, sterols, and pigments [32]. These types of microorganisms are primarily classified as eukaryotes consisting mainly of yeasts, fungi, and microalgae; however, certain autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria have recently been identified that exhibit lipid accumulation corresponding to their dry cell weight similar to other well-known oleaginous microorganisms (Table 2) [33].…”

Section: Lipid-producing Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect of metabolic engineering in enhanced microbial lipid production: review

Saha

Mukhopadhyay²

2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The use of fossil fuels has increasingly become associated with negative influences like detrimental environmental effects. This has made renewables, especially biofuels like biodiesel, a highly attractive substitute for energy generation. The industrial and economic potential of biodiesel-a lipid-based fuel-has increased interest and research into oleaginous microorganisms to synthesise and produce lipids. Effective identification and characterisation of a vast array of oleaginous microorganisms have led them to be employed for their efficient lipogenesis capability and ability to use a wide range of synthetic and non-expensive substrates. However, low lipid production has limited the use of microbially sourced lipids for biodiesel production at the industrial level. Nevertheless, the improvement and engineering of robust strains of these microbes through metabolic engineering have increased their lipid production capacity, leading to commercialising the lipids. This review provides a comprehensive outlook into the identification of different oleaginous microorganisms and their unique characteristics, which makes them highly valuable. An insight into the lipid biosynthesis pathways is provided and the role that several enzymes and regulators play in the metabolism of lipid accumulation. A detailed outlook is provided on the broad range of metabolic engineering approaches with regard to enhanced lipid production in several oleaginous microorganisms.

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Bio-oil production from oleaginous microorganisms using hydrothermal liquefaction: A biorefinery approach

Cited by 25 publications

References 195 publications

Perspectives of biomass based lignin to value added chemicals in biorefineries: challenges, extraction strategies and applications

Perspectives of biomass based lignin to value added chemicals in biorefineries: challenges, extraction strategies and applications

Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production

Prospect of metabolic engineering in enhanced microbial lipid production: review

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