Bio-oil production from hydrothermal liquefaction of high-protein high-ash microalgae including wild Cyanobacteria sp. and cultivated Bacillariophyta sp.

Thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of Cyanobacteria in subcritical and supercritical ethanol-water mixture

“…Both the bio-oil yields and conversion increased in the first 30-40 min and then decreased, which was different from the previous study [17]. This was mainly due to the competition of hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and repolymerization involved in the liquefaction.…”

“…Previous studies proposed that the bio-oil yielded from hydrothermal liquefaction of whole biomass surpasses the conversion of lipids in the raw material [15]. Ross [17]. The trend of bio-oil formation (lipids > proteins > carbohydrates) and biochemical components behavior were reported by Biller et al [18].…”

“…The thermal stability of the bio-oils in Table V [17]. However, for the proportion of the distilled fraction between 350°C and 900°C that was regarded as heavy diesel, the order was BO2 (42.55%) > BO3 (33.65%) > BO1 (29.63%).…”

“…Three pyrrolidinone derivates Table VI. Fats were hydrolyzed in hydrothermal liquefaction conditions to produce fatty acids [17]. bio-oil were N-containing heterocyclic compounds accounting for about 50% of total area [17].…”

Microalgae as a potential source for biodiesel production: techniques, methods, and other challenges

“…Some studies have reported that microalgal biomass can produce various kinds of products such as bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, bio-oils, bio-methane, aviation fuel, pigments, bio-fertilizers, plastics, nutrients, animal food, antioxidants, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, EPA, and DHA, developing methodologies that lead to the implementation of bio-refineries in terms of their costeffectiveness, size facilities, and environmental sustainability [14,15,[250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258].…”