Bio-nanocomposite films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals: Rheology of film-forming solutions, transparency, water vapor barrier and tensile properties of films

Effects of nano-kaolin incorporation into semolina films on the physical, mechanical, thermal, barrier and antimicrobial properties of the resulting bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. The properties included crystal structure (by X-ray diffraction), mechanical resistance, color, Fourier transform infrared spectra, decomposition temperature, water-vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Kaolin was incorporated into biofilms at various amounts (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 %, w/w total solid). All films were plasticized with 50 % (w/w total solid) combination of sorbitol/glycerol at 3:1 ratio. The incorporation of nanokaolin into semolina films decreased OP and WVP. The moisture content and water solubility of the films were found to decrease by nanokaolin reinforcement, and mechanical properties of films were improved by increasing nanokaolin concentration. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased from 3.41 to 5.44 MPa and from 63.12 to 136.18, respectively, and elongation-at-break decreased. The films did not exhibit UV absorption. In conclusion, nanokaolin incorporation enhanced the barrier and mechanical properties of semolina films, indicating the potential application of these bio-nanocomposites in food-product packaging.

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“…(CMC)/starch (ST) (El Miri et al 2015). whey protein (Sothornvit et al 2010).sesame seed meal protein (Lee et al 2014).…”

Section: Wvpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films reinforced with nano kaolin

et al. 2015

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“…Additionally, the CrI increased from 66 % for bleached sample to 81, 83 and 87 % for 17 observations. Herein, the as-isolated CNC shows a high CrI (81-87%) compared with the CNC which were extracted from red algae (73%) [10], mulberry (73.4%) [46] , or sugarcane bagasse (77-65 %) [23,24].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNC were successfully extracted from AW by alkali and bleaching treatments followed by an acid hydrolysis process, as described in our previous works [23,24,29]. The as-received AW samples were first cut into small pieces (≤ 2 cm), which were ground using a precision grinder …”

Section: Production Of Cellulose Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been widely demonstrated that the incorporation of CNC into biopolymers can result in nanocomposite materials with high mechanical, optical, thermal, and barrier properties [23]. This is possible because of CNC's special morphology (generally needle like-shape), structure (ordered cellulose chains), large specific surface area (~250-500 m²/g), low density, high crystallinity, high tensile strength (7.500 GPa), and very high elastic modulus (approximately 100-140 GPa) [7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alkali, bleaching and sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatments [23][24][25]. CNC were extracted at various hydrolysis times (30, 40 and CNC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Achaby

Kassab

Aboulkas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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173

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phone (+2126) 620 10 620 Highlights  Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully extracted from red algae waste  CNC exhibit a needle-like shape and a diameter of 5-9 nm, and a length of 289-315 nm  PVA nanocomposite films with different CNC contents were prepared by solvent-casting  Nanocomposites with high mechanical performance and good transparency were obtaine Version postprintComment citer ce document : El Achaby, M., Kassab, Z., Aboulkas, A., Gaillard, C., AbstractRed algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2 ± 2.9 to 9.1 ± 3.1 nm, and from 285.4 ± 36.5 to 315.7 ± 30.3 nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87 %, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80 minutes). The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. It is shown that the addition of 8 wt % CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215 %, the tensile strength by 150 %, and the toughness by 45 %. Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale.

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Starch

Cai

Alee

Duan

et al. 2021

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Starch, among the other biopolymers, is a very appealing biopolymer, due to its abundant supply, intrinsic biodegradability, and yearly renewability. Because they are inexpensive substances and are flexible to be handled using ordinary machines of plastic processing, starches make an appealing low cost basis for novel biodegradable polymers. Meanwhile, the well‐known concerns of fossil fuel scarcity and the rising demand of reducing the pressure on the environment caused by the widespread usage of petrochemically produced polymers, the production, and uses of starch‐based materials that are biodegradable have attracted a lot of attention. This article begins with a discussion of starch structures in general, including both physical and chemical features. Then, starch‐based material thermal processing is explained, which covers both basic sciences such as phase transition, rheology, and microstructure and processing methodologies, formulations, and circumstances. The multiphase transitions and distinct microstructure during heat processing make starch an excellent prototype system for illustrating and conceptualizing structure–processing–property connections in polymers. For processing starch‐based materials, several traditional methods, for example, injection compression molding, casting, and extrusion and few novel processes such as reactive extrusion have also been applied. Finally, the current advancements in starch‐based materials have been explained.

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Bio-nanocomposite films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals: Rheology of film-forming solutions, transparency, water vapor barrier and tensile properties of films

Cited by 346 publications

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Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films reinforced with nano kaolin

Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films reinforced with nano kaolin

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

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