“…determined the adsorption of different metal ions on an M13 phage and demonstrated that increasing the electronegativity of the pVIII protein can further increase the adsorption of metal ions on the M13 phage . These structure features have enabled the M13 virus to be great templates for different applications, such as nanowire synthesis, energy development, pollutant degradation, biomedicine preparation, and biosensors. − Thus, we continuously focused on the varied binding specificity of the pVIII peptides toward different metal cations and further explored their applications based on the M13 phage in mimic-free-enzyme and pollution treatment. ,, …”