Bio n-Butanol Partial Oxidation to Butyraldehyde in Gas Phase on Supported Ru and Cu Catalysts

Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Organic Reactions

“…These reports include: reviews (Section I), 1149,1150,1151,1152 oxygenation of unactivated benzylic substrates (Section IIA.2), 1153,1154,1155 alkane oxidation (Section II.B), 1156,1157,1158 epoxidation of alkenes (Section II.C.2), 1159 oxidation difunctionalization of alkenes (Section II.C.3), 1160,1161,1162,1163,1164 cross coupling with alkynes (Section II.D.3), 1165 oxidation difunctionalization of alkynes (Section II.D.4), 1166,1167,1168 arene hydroxylation (Section II.E.1), 1169 reactions involving nucleophilic arenes (Section II.E.2), 1170 direction insertion of arenes (Section II.E.3), 1171,1172,1173,1174,1175 functionalization of acidic arene positionos (Section II.E.4), 1176,1177,1178 coupling of carbanion equivalents with boronic acids (Section III.C), 1179,1180,1181,1182,1183,1184,1185 alcohol oxidation (Section IV.A.1),1186,1187,1188,1189,1190,1191,1192,1193,1194,1195,1196,1197,1198,1199 tandem reaction with alcohol oxidation (Section IV.D), 1200,1201,1202,1203,1204,1205,1206,1207,1208 oxidation of aldehydes to amides (Section V.A), 1209 enolate oxiation without cleavage (Section V.C), 1210,1211 oxidative coupling of enolates (Section V.C.1), 1212 α-oxygenation of carboxylic acids (Section V.E), 1213 reaction of hydrazones (Section V.G), 1214 oxidation of hydrazones with cyclization (Section V.G), 12151216 reactions of enamines (Section VI.A), 1217,…”

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

“…Both polyglycidylethers can be derived from renewable feedstocks, for example from bio-polyols, epichlorohydrin or ethylene oxide derived from bio-ethylene. [ 28,29,[32][33][34][35][36]43,44 ] In this solvent-free carbonation process both cyclic carbonates were obtained in quantitative yield with respect to the epoxy group conversion, as confi rmed by the representative signals of the cyclic carbonate groups at 4.75, 4.43, and 4.37 ppm and the absence of signals corresponding to the epoxy groups at 3.05, 2.72, and 2.54 ppm, as measured by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The carbonate content of TMPGC and EO-TMPGC was determined by means of quantitative 13 C-NMR spectroscopy to 5.9 and 2.1 mol kg −1 , respectively (see Table 1 ).…”

“…They are prepared in industrial scale by reacting formaldehyde with suitable aldehydes by aldol addition and subsequent Cannizzaro reaction . The acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomass supplies appropriate alcohols like butanol, which can be readily oxidized to form butyraldehyde as intermediate for the TMP synthesis . Prominent members of bio‐based amine curing agents include diamines like hexamethylene and isophorone diamine as well as multifunctional aminoalcohols prepared by amination of bio‐based glycidylethers with ammonia …”

“…[ 30,31 ] The acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomass supplies appropriate alcohols like butanol, which can be readily oxidized to form butyraldehyde as intermediate for the TMP synthesis. [32][33][34][35][36] Prominent members of bio-based amine curing agents include diamines like hexamethylene and isophorone diamine as well as multifunctional aminoalcohols prepared by amination of bio-based glycidylethers with ammonia. [ 27,37 ] In spite of the surging number of publications relating to NIPU and polyhydroxyurethane chemistry, few reports address the production of NIPU foams.…”

Acetylene hydrochlorination over bimetallic Ru-based catalysts

“…As shown in Fig. [19][20][21] Previously the complete reduction of unsupported RuCl 3 was reported as 160 C. 22 For the fresh 1% Ru1Cu1/SAC, the prominent peak is at 212 C due to the reduction of the Ru cation species, accompanied by a shoulder peak at 251 C that is due to the reduction of Cu 2+ to Cu 1+ without the inuence of Cu 1+ to Cu 0 at 436 C (the location of the black arrow), 21,23 as reected by the TPR prole of the monometallic Cu/SAC catalysts. 17,18 For the fresh 1%Ru/SAC catalyst the TPR prole shows a broad band around 189 C tandem with 220 C, which corresponds to the reduction peaks of RuCl 3 and RuO 2 , respectively.…”