Bio-magnetic signatures of fetal breathing movement

Ulusar, Umit Deniz; Wilson, James D.; Murphy, P.; Govindan, Rathinaswamy B.; Preißl, Hubert; Lowery, Curtis L.; Eswaran, Hari

doi:10.1088/0967-3334/32/2/009

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Finally, since this writing, the biomagnetic signature of human fetal breathing movement was confirmed by Ulusar, et. al., using a dedicated fetal biomagnetometer with simultaneous ultrasound [39]. The characteristic waveform, spatial location and periodic activity described are identical to our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Characterization of the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram and the effect of breathing movements on cardiac metrics of rate and variability

Gustafson

Allen

May

2011

Early Human Development

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Breathing movements are one of the earliest fetal motor behaviors to emerge andare ahallmark of fetal well-being. Fetal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been documented but efforts to quantify the influence of breathing on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are difficult due to the episodic nature of fetal breathing activity. We used a dedicated fetal biomagnetometer to acquire the magnetocardiogram (MCG) between 36-38 weeks gestational age (GA). We identified and characterized a waveform observed in the raw data and independent component decomposition that we attribute to fetal diaphragmatic movements during breathing episodes. RSA and increased high frequency power in a time-frequency analysis of the IBI time-series was observed during fetal breathing periods. Using the diaphragmatic magnetomyogram (dMMG) as a marker, we compared time and frequency domain metrics of heartrate and heart rate variability between breathing and non-breathing epochs. Fetal breathing activity resulted in significantly lower HR, increased high frequency power, greater sympathovagal balance, increased short-term HRV andgreater parasympathetic input relative to non-breathing episodesconfirming the specificity of fetal breathing movements on parasympathetic cardiac influence. No significant differences between breathing and non-breathing epochs were found in two metrics reflecting total HRVor very low, low and intermediate frequency bands. Using the fetal dMMG as a marker, biomagnetometry can help to elucidate the electrophysiologic mechanisms associated with diaphragmatic motor function and may be used to study the longitudinal development of human fetal cardiac autonomic control and breathing activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Characterization of the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram and the effect of breathing movements on cardiac metrics of rate and variability

Gustafson

Allen

May

2011

Early Human Development

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“…The transmission of the diamond for losses A NV is given by: Figure S1 shows the transmission of IR light while scanning the length of the cavity. From our measurements, after fitting we estimate the finesse (F ) of our cavity to be F = 160 (4) [the FSR of the cavity is ∼ 30.1(2) GHz]. The finesse is measured in the absence of green pump light.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomagnetic signatures are an important diagnostic tool to understand the underlying biological processes. Time-resolved biomagnetic signals are measured with Hall probes 1 , Giant magnetoresistance sensors 2 , alkalivapor magnetometers 3 , superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) 4 and single negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers or ensembles thereof 5 . Typical devices probe magnetic fields outside the body, i.e., far from their origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Cavity-Enhanced Diamond Magnetometer

et al. 2017

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International audienceWe present a highly sensitive miniaturized cavity-enhanced room-temperature magnetic-field sensor based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The magnetic resonance signal is detected by probing absorption on the 1042-nm spin-singlet transition. To improve the absorptive signal the diamond is placed in an optical resonator. The device has a magnetic-field sensitivity of 28 pT/Hz, a projected photon shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 22 pT/Hz, and an estimated quantum projection-noise-limited sensitivity of 0.43 pT/Hz with the sensing volume of ∼390 μm×4500 μm2. The presented miniaturized device is the basis for an endoscopic magnetic-field sensor for biomedical applications

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“…Fetal breathing movements have been characterized using biomagnetometry by our group (1) and others (2). Ulusar, et al, used simultaneous ultrasound to identify and quantify fetal breathing movements and identified a sinusoidal waveform linked to the breathing movements seen on ultrasound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal cardiac autonomic control during breathing and non-breathing epochs: The effect of maternal exercise

Gustafson

May

Million

et al. 2012

Early Human Development

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We explored whether maternal exercise during pregnancy moderates the effect of fetal breathing movements on fetal cardiac autonomic control assessed by metrics of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty women were assigned to Exercise or Control group (n=15/group) based on the modifiable physical activity questionnaire (MPAQ). Magnetocardiograms (MCG) were recorded using a dedicated fetal biomagnetometer. Periods of fetal breathing activity and apnea were identified using the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram (dMMG) as a marker. MCG R-waves were marked. Metrics of fetal HR and HRV were compared using 1 breathing and1 apneic epoch/fetus. The main effects of group (Exercise vs. Control) and condition (Apnea vs. Breathing) and their interactions were explored. Fetal breathing resulted in significantly lower fetal HR and higher vagally-mediated HRV. Maternal exercise resulted in significantly lower fetal HR, higher total HRV and vagally-mediated HRV with no difference in frequency band ratios. Significant interactions between maternal exercise and fetal breathing were found for metrics summarizing total HRV and a parasympathetic metric. Post hoc comparison showed no group difference during fetal apnea. Fetal breathing was associated with a loss of Total HRV in the Control group and no difference in the Exercise group. Both groups show enhanced vagal function during fetal breathing; greater in the Exercise group. During in utero breathing movements, the fetus of the exercising mother has enhanced cardiac autonomic function that may give the offspring an adaptive advantage.

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Bio-magnetic signatures of fetal breathing movement

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram and the effect of breathing movements on cardiac metrics of rate and variability

Characterization of the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram and the effect of breathing movements on cardiac metrics of rate and variability

Miniature Cavity-Enhanced Diamond Magnetometer

Fetal cardiac autonomic control during breathing and non-breathing epochs: The effect of maternal exercise

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