Bio-Layered Double Hydroxides Nanohybrids for Theranostics Applications

Biocompatible Hydrotalcite Nanohybrids for Medical Functions

“…Their chemical characteristics could be tailored from the various possible metal cation compositions and exchangeable anionic species. The divalent cations are, in general, Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Co 2+ and trivalent ones include Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Gd 3+ , Co 3+ , and Ga 3+ [2,5,28]. The variety of possible chemical compositions enables the lattice designs of various biocompatible elements in LDHs.…”

“…Many studies have proved that synthetic hydrotalcite LDHs can intercalate and stabilize diverse bio-functional molecules, including gene, anti-cancer drugs and photosensitizer molecules to form bio-hydrotalcite nanohybrids, showing enhanced delivery efficiency and bioactivity. Bio-hydrotalcite nanohybrids as excellent intracellular delivery carriers and can be prepared through strategies, including well defined intercalation routes: Co-precipitation, ion-exchange, and exfoliation-reassembling as well as simple adsorption routes by mixing methods [28,44].…”

“…Beyond cancer therapy, including chemo-, gene-, and photo-therapy, bio-hydrotalcite nanohybrids have also been applied to plenty of other important biomedical applications, for example bio-imaging. The structure of functional hydrotalcite nanohybrids for bio-imaging is generally three types: (1) an intercalation type, where fluorescent dyes or diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), a typical example of Gd 3+ complexes, are intercalated into the LDH interlamellar gallery; (2) a substitution type, doping metal ions, such as Mn 2+ or Gd 3+ in the brucite-like metal hydroxide host layer; (3) a surface functionalization type, achieved via surface chemistry using metal nanoparticles or fluorescent substances [28,69].…”

“…Hydrotalcite nanohybrids have been extensively explored in biomedical fields especially for drug/gene delivery, cancer therapy and bio-imaging based on their two-dimensional (2D) layered structure, good biocompatibility and biodegradability [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. LDHs comprise a unique class of 2D layered material, since they consist of positively charged brucite (Mg[OH] 2 )-like metal hydroxide layers in which metal divalent cations are partially substituted by trivalent ones and charge-balancing interlayer anions located in the hydrated gallery between the layers.…”

Monolayer Nanosheets with an Extremely High Drug Loading toward Controlled Delivery and Cancer Theranostics

“…The largely improved therapeutic efficacy of DOX&ICG/MLDH in vivo can be attributed to a synergistic effect of chemo/PTT/PDT. In addition, LDHs has been commercially used as the main component for antacid or antipepsin agent with a high security, [57] which would guarantee its potential application in cancer theranostics. The results showed that high levels of Mg element were found in the tumor, as well as liver, spleen, and lung within the first 8 h, which indicated that MLDH was accumulated via reticuloendothelial systems (RES) absorption.…”