Bio-Intervention Phyto-Based Material For Raw Goatskin Preservation: A Cleaner-Sustainable Approach

Abstract

The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface and groundwater during rehydration soaking operations. The process disrupts the lives of animals, plants, and human beings. This paper is focused on the phyto-based short-term preservation of goatskin to reduce salinity in tannery soaking operations. The indigenous Persicaria hydropiper leaf was investigated to assess the preservation of animal skin to diminish salinity and TDS of tannery soaking wastewater. Methanol extracted leaf was characterized by GC-MS and FTIR for chemical composition analysis and affiliated functional groups. Fresh goatskins were preserved at the preliminary, laboratory, and pilot-scale scenarios to establish the best possible mixture, monitor the moisture and nitrogen content, shrinkage temperature, microorganism analysis, and pollution load at each level. The processed leathers derived from the preserved skins with an optimal mixture of 10% leaf paste with 8% salt and conventional 50% salt were tested for their physical strength. Finally, the modification in fiber structure due to the varieties of preserving chemicals was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detected insignificant variation of leather fibers. The findings reported in this study can be applied to the industrial level and remove certain amounts of salinity and TDS from tannery soaking wastewater.

Monitoring the curing efficiency of a plant-based green engineered additive on caprine skin: A Spectroscopic and Chemometric novel approach

“…For goatskin preservation, we employed a recently reported [13][16] plant, Polygonum hydropiper (local name "Bishkatali," and the English name "Water piper"), where Hashem et al, 2022 and Hossain et al, 2022 monitored the goatskin preservation following usual preservation efficacy parameters and reported comparable physical properties after leather processing. This plant has been reported as having an antimicrobial and antifungal activity [4] and significant reduction of Cland TDS from tannery effluent [13][16].…”

Monitoring the curing efficiency of a plant-based green engineered additive on caprine skin: A Spectroscopic and Chemometric novel approach

“…For goatskin preservation, we employed a recently reported [13][16] plant, Polygonum hydropiper (local name "Bishkatali," and the English name "Water piper"), where Hashem et al, 2022 and Hossain et al, 2022 monitored the goatskin preservation following usual preservation efficacy parameters and reported comparable physical properties after leather processing. This plant has been reported as having an antimicrobial and antifungal activity [4] and significant reduction of Cland TDS from tannery effluent [13][16].…”