Bio-intervention phyto-based material for raw goatskin preservation: a cleaner-sustainable approach

Abstract

The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface and groundwater during rehydration soaking operations. The process disrupts the lives of animals, plants, and human beings. This paper is focused on the phytobased short-term preservation of goatskin to reduce salinity in tannery soaking operations. The indigenous Persicaria hydropiper leaf was investigated to assess the preservation of animal skin to diminish salinity and TDS of tannery soaking wastewater. Methanol extracted leaf was characterized by GC-MS and FTIR for chemical composition analysis and a liated functional groups. Fresh goatskins were preserved at the preliminary, laboratory, and pilot-scale scenarios to establish the best possible mixture, monitor the moisture and nitrogen content, shrinkage temperature, microorganism analysis, and pollution load at each level. The processed leathers derived from the preserved skins with an optimal mixture of 10% leaf paste with 8% salt and conventional 50% salt were tested for their physical strength.Finally, the modi cation in ber structure due to the varieties of preserving chemicals was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detected insigni cant variation of leather bers. The ndings reported in this study can be applied to the industrial level and remove certain amounts of salinity and TDS from tannery soaking wastewater. HighlightsLeaf paste of Persicaria hydropiper is used for eco-friendly goatskin preservation Signi cant reduction of chloride, TDS, BOD and COD in soaking wastewater Fiber structures of optimized experimental and control leathers are similar

Low salt skin preservation with Gossypium hirstum seed-a cleaner approach

“…Persicaria hydropiper leaf paste-aided skin preservation was attempted. The experimental skin sample showed even superior properties to typical salt-preserved skins (Hashem et al 2022). Sphagneticola trilobata leaf paste showed effectiveness in skin preservation.…”

“…(Mohammed et al 2016). Calotropis gigantea leaf paste is an organic preservative that was able to preserve goat skin with 10% leaf paste +10% salt successfully (Abul Hashem et al 2022). Ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos plant was used as a source for raw skin preservation.…”

Monitoring the curing efficiency of a plant-based green engineered additive on caprine skin: a spectroscopic and chemometric novel approach

“…Powder, extract, and paste of different plant parts are applied to preserve goatskin for a maximum of one month [ 3 ]. The plants which were successfully investigated are Acalypha indica [ 4 ] , Semecarpus anacardium [ 5 ], Tamarindus indica [ 6 ], Azadirachta Indica [ 7 ], Cassia fistula, Psidium guajava [ 8 ] , Rumex abyssinicus [ 9 ] , Aphanamixis polystachya [ 10 ] , Sesuvium portulacastrum , Salicornia brachiata , Citrus sinensis peel [ 1 ], Clerodendrum viscosum [ 11 ], Moringa oleifera [ 12 ], Sphagneticola trilobata [ 13 ] , Acacia bussei, Acacia albida [ 14 ] , Lemon [ 15 ], Calotropis gigentea [ 16 ] , Aegle marmelos [ 17 ] , and Polygonum hydropiper [ 18 , 19 ]. Plant-based curing agents are effective in reducing the generation of pollution in the leather industry.…”

“…During hides and skins curing experiments, a series of tests, for example, moisture content, hydrothermal stability, bacterial count, nitrogen content, and hydroxyproline content, were done in regular intervals of an average of one month, e.g., 5–6 times to understand the efficiency of applied preservatives [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ]. These frequent experiments are very laborious and time-consuming.…”

“…For goatskin preservation, we employed a recently reported [ 18 , 19 ] plant, Polygonum hydropiper (local name “Bishkatali,” and the English name “Water piper”), where Hashem et al, 2022 [ 19 ] and Hossain et al, 2022 [ 18 ] monitored the goatskin preservation following usual preservation efficacy parameters and reported comparable physical properties after leather processing. This plant has been reported as having antimicrobial and antifungal activity [ 36 ].…”