Bio‐Interface of Conducting Polymer‐Based Materials for Neuroregeneration

Abstract

Nerve system diseases like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. seriously affect thousands of patients' lives every year, making them suffer from pains and inconvenience. Recently, biointerfaces between neural cells/tissues and polymer based biomaterials attracted worldwide attention due to the ability of polymer based biomaterials to serve as nerve conduits, drug carriers and neurites guidance platform in neuroregeneration. The role that bio-interface played and the way it interacted with neural tissues and cells have been thoroughly investigated by the researchers. In this paper we mainly focus on reviewing the bio-interface between nerve tissues/cells and advanced functional biocompatible polymers, such as conducting polymers and advanced carbon composite materials. These advanced polymers can provide combined interfacial stimulations including interfacial external neurotrophic factors (NTFs) delivery, electrical stimulation, surface guidance and molecules decoration to lesion cells and tissues to promote neuroregeneration in vitro and in vivo, and have contributed greatly to nerve diseases therapy. At the end of this review, the criteria of polymer based biomaterials utilized in neuroregeneration are summarized and the perspectives for future development of bio-interfaces are also discussed. Nerve system diseases like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease etc. seriously affect thousands of patients' lives every year, making the patients suffer from pains and inconvenience brought about by these diseases. Recently, bio-interface between neural cells/tissues and polymer based biomaterials attracted worldwide attention due to the ability of polymer based biomaterials to serve as nerve conduits, drug carrier and neurites guidance platform in neuroregeneration. The role that bio-interface played and the way it interacted with neural tissues and cells have been thoroughly investigated by the researchers.In this paper we mainly focus on reviewing bio-interface between nerve tissues/cells and advanced functional biocompatible polymers, such as conducting polymers and advanced carbon composites materials.. These advanced polymers can provide combined interfacial stimulations including interfacial NTFs delivery, electrical stimulation, surface guidance and molecules decoration to lesion cells and tissues to promote neuroregeneration in vitro and in vivo, and have contributed greatly to nerve diseases therapy. At the end of this review, the criteria of polymer based biomaterials utilized in neuroregeneration are summarized and the perspectives for future development of bio-interfaces are also discussed.

Commitment of Autologous Human Multipotent Stem Cells on Biomimetic Poly-L-Lactic Acid-Based Scaffolds Is Strongly Influenced by Structure and Concentration of Carbon Nanomaterial

“…Common strategies to achieve this goal include: (i) improved purification protocols for limiting the presence of toxic residuals such as heavy metals [35]; (ii) CNM functionalization [35][36][37][38] to improve their solubility in the matrix and, once released by progressive matrix biodegradation, to avoid cell death caused by CNM uptake and intracellular aggregation [39,40]; (iii) use of CNMs as nanofillers at low concentration, dispersed into various biocompatible polymer matrices [41][42][43][44][45]. This latter strategy brought the development of a number of different nanocomposite scaffolds in which the polymer itself acts as the scaffold-cell interface and may provide further stimuli [46][47][48][49].…”

Polymerisation on Bio-Tissues

“…Conducting polymers have possibility for construction of composite with functional materials. Bio-interface between nerve tissues/cells and advanced functional biocompatible polymers for neuroregeneration has been studied [7]. Polypyrrole can be prepared in the presence of other materials such as hydroxybenzoic acid [8].…”

Chitosan‐Based, Biocompatible, Solution Processable Films for In Vivo Localization of Neural Interface Devices

“…It is a naturally occurring, abundant polysaccharide that is biocompatible, bio‐adhesive, and antimicrobial . Furthermore, living cells can be safely exposed to CS and its enzymatic degradation products without adverse effects . It is solution processable and film forming, allowing for incorporation of additives and tuning of properties.…”

“…[5][6][7][8] Furthermore, living cells can be safely exposed to CS and its enzymatic degradation products without adverse effects. [8,9] It is solution processable and film forming, allowing for incorporation of additives and tuning of properties. CS also exhibits intrinsic fluorescence, although it is typically coupled with conjugate fluorescent targets to permit use as a sensing probe.…”